Читать книгу Dual Innovation Systems - Francois-Xavier Meunier - Страница 13

Duality organization refers directly to expected (economic, technological, strategic) performance, which varies depending on the actor and influences their behavior (Lu et al. 2015). Its implementation associates sometimes conflicting challenges, from knowledge management to public policy challenges (Daguzan 2001). Moreover, there are different ways to consider duality, and therefore various objectives and different strategies. Similar to the definition of a dual object, there is no general agreement on the principles that should guide duality implementation.

For a proper consideration of this diversity in the implementation of duality, this section studies the matter from the most microeconomic perspective (company strategy) to the macroeconomic level (international relations).