Читать книгу Description of the Process of Manufacturing Coal Gas - Friedrich Christian Accum - Страница 2

PREFACE.

ADVERTISEMENT.

PART I.

General Nature and Advantages of the art of procuring Light, by means of Carburetted Hydrogen, or Coal Gas.

PART II.

Outline of the new art of procuring light by means of coal gas, and Theory of the production of Gas Lights.

PART III.

Classification of Pit-coal, and maximum quantity of gas, obtainable from different kinds of Coal.

PART IV.

Form and dimensions of the Retorts originally employed for manufacturing Coal Gas.

Application of heat.—Flue Plan originally adopted.

Report on a course of Operations, made with sets of 66, of 30, of 116, and of 64 retorts, worked on the Flue Plan.

Oven plan lately adopted.

Description of the Retort Oven.

PART V.

Difference in the quantity of Gas evolved during different periods of the distillatory process, and economical considerations resulting therefrom in the manufacture of Coal Gas.

Report on a course of Experiments made to ascertain the comparative Economy of manufacturing every week, 857,667 cubic feet of gas, by means of Cylindrical Retorts variously worked.

PART VI.

Temperature best adapted for working Cylindrical Retorts.

Annual Creditor and Debtor Account of manufacturing daily from 50,000 to 102,000 cubic feet of gas at the price which coal bears in the metropolis.—The operation being commenced with new Retorts, and the retorts being left in a fit working state.

Comparative facility with which the decomposition of different species of Coal is effected.

PART VII.

Horizontal Rotary Retorts, lately brought into use for manufacturing coal gas.

Description of the Horizontal Rotary Retorts at the Royal Mint.

Action and Management of the Horizontal Rotary Retort.

Advantages of the method of manufacturing Coal Gas by means of Horizontal Rotary Retorts.

Directions to workmen, with regard to the management of Horizontal Rotary Retorts.

PART VIII.

Purifying Apparatus, or Lime Machine.

Lime Machine originally employed for the Purification of Coal Gas.

Lime Machine lately adopted.

Test Apparatus, for certifying the purity of coal gas, and the proper manner of working the Lime Machine.

PART IX.

Gas Holder.

Gas Holder as originally employed.

Gas Holder with Governor, or Regulating Gauge, lately brought into use.

Gas Holder with Governor or Regulating Guage at the Gas Works Chester.

Gas Holder with Governor or Regulating Guage at the Birmingham Gas Works.

Revolving Gas Holder at the Westminster Gas Works.

Rule for finding the capacity of a Revolving Gas Holder of given dimensions.

Collapsing Gas Holder.

Rule for finding the capacity of a Collapsing Gas Holder of given dimensions.

Reciprocating Safety Valve.

PART X.

Gas Metre, or Self-acting Guage, which measures and registers, in the absence of the observer, the quantity of Gas produced in a given time, from any given quantity of coal, or consumed during a given period, by any number of burners or lamps.

Description of the Gas Metre at the Royal Mint Gas Works.

Rule for calculating the weight, which a Gas Metre of given dimensions, will raise to a given height, in a given time.

Gas Holder Valve,—Siphon, or Water Reservoir.

PART XI.

Governor or Regulating Guage.

Directions to Workmen for fixing the Governor and Gas Metre.

PART XII.

Gas Mains, and Branch Pipes.

Weight of cast iron Gas Mains of different lengths and bores.

PART XIII.

Gas Lamps, and Burners.

Directions to Workmen, for adapting Gas Pipes to the interior of houses.

PART XIV.

Illuminating power of Coal Gas, and quantity of Gas consumed in a given time, by different kinds of Burners, and Gas Lamps.

Ventilation of Apartments lighted by Coal Gas.

PART XV.

Gas from Coal Tar.

Gas from Oil.

PART XVI.

Other products obtainable from Coal, namely:—Coal Tar—Pitch—Coal Oil—Ammoniacal Liquor, and conversion of the latter into Carbonate, and Muriate of Ammonia.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.

INDEX.

LONDON PRICE LIST

Cast iron Spigot and Faucit Pipes.

Cast iron Flanch Pipes.

Wrought iron Gas Tubes screwed and fitted, warranted to bear a pressure equal to a column of water 300 feet high.

Copper Tubes.

Brazed sheet iron Tubes.

Cost of laying cast iron Gas mains in London. To take up the ground, to fill in, but not to re-pave the ground, and to drive two and a half inches of lead into the joints of the pipes.

ESTIMATE OF A Gas Light Apparatus, Capable of producing every 24 hours, a light equal to 21,330 tallow candles, eight in the pound, burning for six hours.