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Sources are given in short form, relying upon Internet searches and computerized library catalogues for full identification. Publications are indicated by author/editor and year, with keywords for clarification. Major sources available online in September 2012 are asterisked (*) but many require subscription. Many books and articles are also available online.

The chief archival source for the life of John A. Macdonald remains his papers (gradually coming online*) in Library and Archives Canada (LAC, Ottawa), discussed by Martin, Journal of Historical Biography*, 2006. LAC also holds the Gowan papers, plus diaries of Agnes Macdonald and Edmund Meredith. The Ontario Archives (Toronto) holds the papers of Alexander Campbell (excellent calendar*) and T.C. Patteson.

For Macdonald’s correspondence: Pope, 1921*; Johnson, 1968 (for 1836–57); Johnson and Stelmack, 1969 (for 1858–61). For family letters, Johnson, Affectionately Yours, 1969.

For speeches, Address, 1861; Pope, Confederation Documents, 1895/Browne, 1969; Confederation Debates, 1865/Waite, 1963, 2006; Whelan/Harvey, Union ... Provinces, 1927; Dominion Campaign, 1882; Speech … Ottawa, 1886. Parliamentary debates are available to 1856, and from 1874*.

Complete files survive of the Toronto Globe* and Victoria Colonist*. Other newspapers are available through Google News Archive (e.g., partial runs of the Toronto Mail and Montreal Gazette)*, Paper of Record*, Manitobia* and Peel’s Prairie Provinces (University of Alberta)*.

For an overview of Macdonald’s life, Johnson and Waite, Dictionary of Canadian Biography, ix (1990)*. Major biographies include Pope (1894)*, Creighton (1952/1955), and Gwyn (2007/2011). Pope published extensive documentation.

For anecdotes and insights, Biggar (1891*/Smith and McLeod, 1979); Macpherson, 1891*; Adam, 1891*; Pope, Day, 1920*; Waite, in Dyck and Krosby, Empire and Nations, 1969; Waite, Life and World, 1975; Phenix, 2006.

For Macdonald’s finances, Johnson (“Young Non-Politician,” Canadian Historical Association Annual Report, 1971). For his part in the 1837 rebellion, Johnson, Ontario History, 1968. For his alcohol problem, Martin, Journal of Canadian Studies, 2006. For his relations with Kingston, Johnson, Livermore, and Swainson in Tulchinsky, To Preserve and Defend (1976) and Martin, Favourite Son?, 2011. For Macdonald as premier in 1857–58, Martin, British Journal of Canadian Studies, 2007. For his 1885 Franchise Act, Stewart, “Greatest Triumph,” Canadian Historical Review, 1982. For his Canadian accent, Martin, British Journal of Canadian Studies, 2004.

For Macdonald’s disqualification at Kingston in 1874, Brady, “Sinners and Publicans,” Ontario History, 1984, and his similar experience in Lennox in 1883, Eadie, Ontario History, 1984.

Useful biographies include studies of Agnes Macdonald (Reynolds, Agnes, 1990); George Brown (Careless, 1959, 1963); George Cartier (Young, 1981); Alexander Galt (Skelton, 1920/MacLean, 1966); Edmund Head (Kerr, 1954); Luther Holton (Klassen, 2001); Joseph Howe (Beck, 1983); Hector Langevin (Désilets, 1969); Sandfield Macdonald (Hodgins, 1971); D’Arcy McGee (Wilson, 2011); Alexander Mackenzie (Thomson, 1960); Allan MacNab (Beer, 1984); Oliver Mowat (Evans, 1992); Joseph Pope (Pope, 1960); Donald A. Smith (McDonald, Strathcona, 1996); George Stephen (Gilbert, 1965/1976); John Thompson (Waite, Man from Halifax, 1985); Charles Tupper (Saunders, 1916). Macdonald’s contemporaries appear in Dictionary of Canadian Biography*.