Читать книгу The Ethical Journalist - Gene Foreman - Страница 27

1 1 Lovelle Svart video diary, The Oregonian, Sept. 28, 2007.

2 2 Michael Arrieta–Walden in telephone interviews with Gene Foreman, Nov. 15 and Dec. 7, 2007.

3 3 Sandra Rowe in a telephone interview with Gene Foreman, Sept. 21, 2007.

4 4 John Carroll, Ruhl Lecture on Ethics, University of Oregon, May 6, 2004.

5 5 Bob Steele, “Why ethics matters,” Poynter, 2002.

6 6 Pew Research Center, “World Wide Web Timeline,” March 11, 2014.

7 7 Encyclopaedia Brittanica, “World Wide Web (WWW)”.

8 8 Alex McPeak, “A brief history of Web browsers and how they work,” CrossBrowserTesting, Jan. 24, 2018.

9 9 Pew Research Center, “Americans still prefer watching to reading the news – and mostly still through television,” Dec. 3, 2018. The survey of 3,425 US adults was conducted July 30-Aug. 12, 2018.

10 10 David H. Weaver, Lars Willnat, and G. Cleveland Wilnoit, “The American journalist in the digital age: another look at US news people,” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, July 4, 2018.

11 11 Pew Research Center, “10 charts about America’s newsrooms,” April 28, 2020. The estimate of newsroom employment is based on US Bureau of Labor Statistics occupational employment data.

12 12 Johanna Dunaway, “Mobile vs. computer: implications for news audiences and outlets,” Harvard Kennedy School’s Shorenstein Center, Aug. 30, 2016.

13 13 Pew Research Center, “Americans who mainly get their news on social media are less engaged, less knowledgeable,” July 30, 2020. The survey of US adults was conducted Oct. 29-Nov. 11, 2019.

14 14 Pew Research Center, “Americans favor mobile devices over desktops and laptops for getting news,” Nov. 19, 2019. The survey was conducted July 8-21, 2019.

15 15 Dunaway, “Mobile vs. computer”.

16 16 Bill Marimow in an email exchange with Gene Foreman, March 2013.

17 17 Maureen Dowd, “As Time goes bye,” The New York Times, Mar. 9, 2013.

18 18 In composing this definition of journalism, the authors derived its components from Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel, The Elements of Journalism: What Newspeople Should Know and the Public Should Expect, 3rd edn. (New York: Three Rivers Press, 2014).

19 19 Cecilia Friend and Jane B. Singer, Online Journalism Ethics: Traditions and Transitions (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2007), 218.

20 20 Ibid., 218.

21 21 Kovach and Rosenstiel, The Elements of Journalism, 27.