Читать книгу King's Applied Anatomy of the Abdomen and Pelvis of Domestic Mammals - Geoff Skerritt - Страница 16

The diaphragm is the musculotendinous structure that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. It is dome‐shaped with its apex pointing cranially. In the dog the diaphragm attaches to the sternum cranial to the xiphoid cartilage and to the medial surface of the 8th–13th ribs in the dog and cat. NB the horse has 18 pairs of ribs, ruminants 13, pigs 13–16. Dorsally the diaphragm attaches via the left and right crura to the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae. Dorsally the aorta, azygos vein and thoracic duct pass between the crura at the aortic hiatus. The oesophagus and the vagus nerves pass through the oesophageal hiatus located towards the centre of the diaphragm. The caval foramen (portal vena cava) is located on the right side of the central tendinous part of the diaphragm. Herniation of the diaphragm can occur as the result of trauma (see Section 1.7.4).