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4.6 Concluding Remarks

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With DSA design, there is no single design approach that can be used for all systems. Systems come with limitations, requirements, and vast differences in intended use. Regardless of whether the system under consideration is a civilian or a military system, local, distributed, and centralized DSA approaches have to be weighed in and the place of DSA cognitive engines has to be considered with other cognitive engines the system is using. This chapter is meant to help the reader analyze system limitations, requirements, especially the most critical requirements (e.g., avoid jamming, create low spectrum footprint map, avoid decision rippling, avoid routing over power constrained nodes, and adhere to the maximum bandwidth allocated for control traffic18), and create a design approach that makes the best of all DSA decision places in a hierarchical DSA system.

While this chapter considered mainly DSA systems for heterogeneous hierarchical MANETs, Chapter 6 addresses dynamic spectrum management in commercial 5G systems to draw parallels and contrasts between DSA design for military communications systems and DSA design for commercial systems eluding to the breadth of dynamic spectrum management needs and challenges. Chapter 7 presents some concepts for the use of 5G in military applications based on DSA concepts. It will be left to the reader to decide if 5G systems can be used for both civilian and military communications infrastructure with no modifications, or if some aspects of 5G can be borrowed for use in military communication systems. Can military networks, which are heterogeneous by definition, have a mix of military waveforms and 5G technologies such as mm‐wave based links and networks?19

Dynamic Spectrum Access Decisions

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