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Contents

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

EDITOR’S NOTE

CHRONOLOGY

Prologue

1 TO RICHARD HENRY LEE

2 THE RULES OF CIVILITY AND DECENT BEHAVIOR IN COMPANY AND CONVERSATION

CHAPTER ONE The Rules of Bravery and Liberty 1756–1775

3 ADDRESS TO HIS COMMAND, AUGUST 1756

4 TO GOVERNOR ROBERT HUNTER MORRIS, APRIL 9, 1756

5 TO FRANCIS DANDRIDGE, SEPTEMBER 20, 1765

6 TO GEORGE MASON, APRIL 5, 1769

7 TO THOMAS JOHNSON, JULY 20, 1770

8 TO GEORGE WILLIAM FAIRFAX, JUNE 10, 1774

9 TO BRYAN FAIRFAX, JULY 4, 1774

10 TO BRYAN FAIRFAX, JULY 20, 1774

11 TO BRYAN FAIRFAX, AUGUST 24, 1774

12 TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, JUNE 16, 1775

13 TO MRS. MARTHA WASHINGTON, JUNE 18, 1775

14 GENERAL ORDERS, JULY 4, 1775

15 TO LIEUTENANT GENERAL THOMAS GAGE, AUGUST 11, 1775

16 TO THE INHABITANTS OF THE ISLAND OF BERMUDA, SEPTEMBER 6, 1775

17 TO THE INHABITANTS OF CANADA (undated)

CHAPTER TWO Tyranny: The Scourge of Liberty 1775–1777

18 TO JOSEPH REED, DECEMBER 15, 1775

19 GENERAL ORDERS, JANUARY 1, 1776

20 TO JOSEPH REED, JANUARY 14, 1776

21 TO THE PRESIDENT OF CONGRESS, FEBRUARY 9, 1776

22 TO JOSEPH REED, FEBRUARY 10, 1776

23 TO JOHN AUGUSTINE WASHINGTON, MAY 31, 1776

24 GENERAL ORDERS, JULY 2, 1776

25 GENERAL ORDERS, JULY 9, 1776

26 TO THE OFFICERS AND SOLDIERS OF THE PENNSYLVANIA ASSOCIATORS, AUGUST 8, 1776

27 TO THE PRESIDENT OF CONGRESS, SEPTEMBER 24, 1776

28 TO LUND WASHINGTON, SEPTEMBER 30, 1776

29 PROCLAMATION, JANUARY 25, 1777

30 TO AN UNIDENTIFIED CORRESPONDENT, FEBRUARY 14, 1777

31 TO PRESIDENT JAMES WARREN, MAY 23, 1777

32 TO MAJOR GENERAL PHILIP SCHUYLER, JULY 22, 1777

CHAPTER THREE The Passions of Men and the Principles of Action 1778–1780

33 GENERAL ORDERS, MARCH 1, 1778

34 TO JOHN BANISTER, APRIL 21, 1778

35 TO JOHN AUGUSTINE WASHINGTON, JULY 4, 1778

36 TO COMTE D’ESTAING, SEPTEMBER 11, 1778

37 TO GOUVERNEUR MORRIS, OCTOBER 4, 1778

38 TO HENRY LAURENS, NOVEMBER 14, 1778

39 TO BENJAMIN HARRISON, DECEMBER 18, 1778

40 TO THE PRESIDENT OF CONGRESS, MARCH 15, 1779

41 TO THOMAS NELSON, MARCH 15, 1779

42 TO GEORGE MASON, MARCH 27, 1779

43 TO JAMES WARREN, MARCH 31, 1779

44 TO GOUVERNEUR MORRIS, MAY 8, 1779

45 SPEECH TO THE DELAWARE CHIEFS, MAY 12, 1779

46 CIRCULAR TO THE STATES, MAY 22, 1779

47 TO JOHN JAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1779

48 A CONFERENCE BETWEEN CHEVALIER DE LA LUZERNE AND GENERAL WASHINGTON, SEPTEMBER 16, 1779

49 TO EDMUND PENDLETON, NOVEMBER 1, 1779

50 TO JOSEPH JONES, MAY 14, 1780

51 TO PRESIDENT JOSEPH REED, MAY 28, 1780

52 TO PRESIDENT JOSEPH REED, JULY 4, 1780

53 TO JOSEPH JONES, AUGUST 13, 1780

54 CIRCULAR TO THE STATES, AUGUST 27, 1780

55 TO THE PRESIDENT OF CONGRESS, OCTOBER 11, 1780

56 CIRCULAR TO THE STATES, OCTOBER 18, 1780

CHAPTER FOUR Trials and Triumph 1780–1781

57 TO GEORGE MASON, OCTOBER 22, 1780

58 TO WILLIAM FITZHUGH, OCTOBER 22, 1780

59 TO JAMES DUANE, DECEMBER 26, 1780

60 CIRCULAR TO THE NEW ENGLAND STATES, JANUARY 5, 1781

61 TO LIEUTENANT COLONEL JOHN LAURENS, JANUARY 15, 1781

62 GENERAL ORDERS, JANUARY 30, 1781

63 TO JOHN SULLIVAN, FEBRUARY 4, 1781

64 TO JOHN PARKE CUSTIS, FEBRUARY 28, 1781

65 TO LUND WASHINGTON, APRIL 30, 1781

66 TO THE PRESIDENT OF CONGRESS, OCTOBER 19, 1781

67 GENERAL ORDERS, OCTOBER 20, 1781

CHAPTER FIVE Washington’s Knowledge of Himself and His Army 1782–1783

68 TO COLONEL LEWIS NICOLA, MAY 22, 1782

69 TO THE SECRETARY AT WAR, OCTOBER 2, 1782

70 TO JOSEPH JONES, DECEMBER 14, 1782

71 TO MAJOR GENERAL NATHANAEL GREENE, FEBRUARY 6, 1783

72 GENERAL ORDERS, FEBRUARY 15, 1783

73 TO GOVERNOR BENJAMIN HARRISON, MARCH 4, 1783

74 TO ALEXANDER HAMILTON, MARCH 4, 1783

75 TO THE PRESIDENT OF CONGRESS, MARCH 12, 1783

76 TO JOSEPH JONES, MARCH 12, 1783

77 SPEECH TO THE OFFICERS OF THE ARMY, MARCH 15, 1783

78 TO THE PRESIDENT OF CONGRESS, MARCH 18, 1783

CHAPTER SIX Washington’s Knowledge of His Countrymen 1783

79 TO JOSEPH JONES, MARCH 18, 1783

80 TO MAJOR GENERAL NATHANAEL GREENE, MARCH 31, 1783

81 TO ALEXANDER HAMILTON, MARCH 31, 1783

82 TO THEODORICK BLAND, APRIL 4, 1783

83 TO MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE, APRIL 5, 1783

84 GENERAL ORDERS, APRIL 18, 1783

85 TO LIEUTENANT COLONEL TENCH TILGHMAN, APRIL 24, 1783

86 CIRCULAR TO THE STATES, JUNE 14, 1783

CHAPTER SEVEN The General Resigns 1783

87 TO JOHN AUGUSTINE WASHINGTON, JUNE 15, 1783

88 TO REVEREND WILLIAM GORDON, JULY 8, 1783

89 TO JAMES DUANE, SEPTEMBER 7, 1783

90 FAREWELL ORDERS TO THE ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, NOVEMBER 2, 1783

91 TO THE MINISTERS, ELDERS, DEACONS, AND MEMBERS OF THE REFORMED GERMAN CONGREGATION OF NEW YORK, NOVEMBER 27, 1783

92 TO THE MERCHANTS OF PHILADELPHIA, DECEMBER 9, 1783

93 ADDRESS TO CONGRESS ON RESIGNING HIS COMMISSION, DECEMBER 23, 1783

CHAPTER EIGHT The Citizen Stirs 1784–1786

94 TO JONATHAN TRUMBULL, JR., JANUARY 5, 1784

95 TO GOVERNOR BENJAMIN HARRISON, JANUARY 18, 1784

96 TO MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE, FEBRUARY 1, 1784

97 TO DR. JAMES CRAIK, MARCH 25, 1784

98 TO THOMAS JEFFERSON, MARCH 29, 1784

99 TO JAMES MADISON, JUNE 12, 1784

100 TO GOVERNOR BENJAMIN HARRISON, OCTOBER 10, 1784

101 TO THOMAS JOHNSON, OCTOBER 15, 1784

102 TO BENJAMIN HARRISON, JANUARY 22, 1785

103 TO THE PRESIDENT OF CONGRESS, FEBRUARY 8, 1785

104 TO WILLIAM GRAYSON, JUNE 22, 1785

105 TO DAVID HUMPHREYS, JULY 25, 1785

106 TO MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE, JULY 25, 1785

107 TO EDMUND RANDOLPH, JULY 30, 1785

108 TO JAMES McHENRY, AUGUST 22, 1785

109 TO GEORGE MASON, OCTOBER 3, 1785

110 TO JAMES WARREN, OCTOBER 7, 1785

111 TO JAMES MADISON, NOVEMBER 30, 1785

112 TO HENRY LEE, APRIL 5, 1786

113 TO ROBERT MORRIS, APRIL 12, 1786

114 TO MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE, MAY 10, 1786

115 TO THE SECRETARY FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS, MAY 18, 1786

116 TO MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE, AUGUST 15, 1786

CHAPTER NINE Making a Constitution 1786–1788

117 TO JOHN JAY, AUGUST 15, 1786

118 TO BUSHROD WASHINGTON, SEPTEMBER 30, 1786

119 TO HENRY LEE, OCTOBER 31, 1786

120 TO JAMES MADISON, NOVEMBER 5, 1786

121 TO BUSHROD WASHINGTON, NOVEMBER 15, 1786

122 TO JAMES MADISON, NOVEMBER 18, 1786

123 TO JAMES MADISON, DECEMBER 16, 1786

124 TO GOVERNOR EDMUND RANDOLPH, DECEMBER 21, 1786

125 TO HENRY KNOX, DECEMBER 26, 1786

126 TO DAVID HUMPHREYS, DECEMBER 26, 1786

127 TO HENRY KNOX, FEBRUARY 3, 1787

128 TO HENRY KNOX, MARCH 8, 1787

129 TO THE SECRETARY FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS, MARCH 10, 1787

130 TO GOVERNOR EDMUND RANDOLPH, MARCH 28, 1787

131 TO JAMES MADISON, MARCH 31, 1787

132 TO HENRY KNOX, APRIL 2, 1787

133 SUMMARY OF LETTERS FROM JAY, KNOX, AND MADISON, SPRING 1787

134 TO ALEXANDER HAMILTON, JULY 10, 1787

135 TO PATRICK HENRY, SEPTEMBER 24, 1787

136 TO ALEXANDER HAMILTON, NOVEMBER 10, 1787

137 TO BUSHROD WASHINGTON, NOVEMBER 10, 1787

138 TO DAVID STUART, NOVEMBER 30, 1787

139 TO JAMES MADISON, DECEMBER 7, 1787

140 TO GOVERNOR EDMUND RANDOLPH, JANUARY 8, 1788

141 TO JAMES MADISON, JANUARY 10, 1788

142 TO JAMES MADISON, FEBRUARY 5, 1788

143 TO MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE, FEBRUARY 7, 1788

144 TO JAMES MADISON, MARCH 2, 1788

145 TO JOHN ARMSTRONG, APRIL 25, 1788

146 TO MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE, APRIL 28, 1788

147 TO MARQUIS DE CHASTELLUX, APRIL 25 [– MAY 1], 1788

148 TO REVEREND FRANCIS ADRIAN VANDERKEMP, MAY 28, 1788

149 TO MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE, MAY 28, 1788

150 TO HENRY KNOX, JUNE 17, 1788

151 TO MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE, JUNE 19, 1788

152 TO BENJAMIN LINCOLN, JUNE 29, 1788

CHAPTER TEN The Drama of Founding 1788–1789

153 TO THE SECRETARY FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS, JULY 18, 1788

154 TO JONATHAN TRUMBULL, JULY 20, 1788

155 TO NOAH WEBSTER, ESQ., JULY 31, 1788

156 TO BENJAMIN LINCOLN, AUGUST 28, 1788

157 TO ALEXANDER HAMILTON, AUGUST 28, 1788

158 TO THOMAS JEFFERSON, AUGUST 31, 1788

159 TO ALEXANDER HAMILTON, OCTOBER 3, 1788

160 TO BENJAMIN LINCOLN, OCTOBER 26, 1788

161 TO MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE, JANUARY 29, 1789

162 TO BENJAMIN LINCOLN, JANUARY 31, 1789

163 TO FRANCIS HOPKINSON, FEBRUARY 5, 1789

164 TO GEORGE STEPTOE WASHINGTON, MARCH 23, 1789

165 TO JAMES MADISON, MARCH 30, 1789

166 TO THE MAYOR, CORPORATION, AND CITIZENS OF ALEXANDRIA, APRIL 16, 1789

CHAPTER ELEVEN Presidential Addresses 1789–1796

167 FRAGMENTS OF THE DISCARDED FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS, APRIL 1789

168 THE FIRST INAUGURAL SPEECH, APRIL 30, 1789

169 FIRST ANNUAL MESSAGE, JANUARY 8, 1790

170 SECOND ANNUAL MESSAGE, DECEMBER 8, 1790

171 THIRD ANNUAL MESSAGE, OCTOBER 25, 1791

172 FOURTH ANNUAL MESSAGE, NOVEMBER 6, 1792

173 THE SECOND INAUGURAL SPEECH, MARCH 4, 1793

174 FIFTH ANNUAL MESSAGE, DECEMBER 3, 1793

175 SIXTH ANNUAL MESSAGE, NOVEMBER 19, 1794

176 SEVENTH ANNUAL MESSAGE, DECEMBER 8, 1795

177 EIGHTH ANNUAL MESSAGE, DECEMBER 7, 1796

178 FAREWELL ADDRESS, SEPTEMBER 19, 1796

CHAPTER TWELVE Washington the President 1789–1791

179 TO JAMES MADISON, MAY 5, 1789

180 TO THE UNITED BAPTIST CHURCHES IN VIRGINIA, MAY 10, 1789

181 TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF PRESBYTERIAN CHURCHES, MAY 1789

182 TO THE ANNUAL MEETING OF QUAKERS, SEPTEMBER 1789

183 THANKSGIVING PROCLAMATION, OCTOBER 3, 1789

184 SKETCH OF A PLAN OF AMERICAN FINANCE, OCTOBER 1789

185 TO CATHERINE MACAULAY GRAHAM, JANUARY 9, 1790

186 TO DAVID STUART, MARCH 28, 1790

187 TO DAVID STUART, JUNE 15, 1790

188 TO THE HEBREW CONGREGATIONS, JANUARY 1790

189 TO THE ROMAN CATHOLICS, MARCH 1790

190 TO THE HEBREW CONGREGATION IN NEWPORT, AUGUST 7, 1790

191 TO THE HEBREW CONGREGATIONS OF THE CITY OF SAVANNAH, GEORGIA (undated)

192 TO THE CHIEFS AND COUNSELORS OF THE SENECA NATION, DECEMBER 29, 1790

193 TO MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE, JULY 28, 1791

194 TO GOUVERNEUR MORRIS, JULY 28, 1791

195 TO ARTHUR YOUNG, DECEMBER 5, 1791

CHAPTER THIRTEEN Trials of Division 1792–1796

196 TO JAMES MADISON, MAY 20, 1792

197 TO MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE, JUNE 10, 1792

198 TO THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, JULY 29, 1792

199 TO THE SECRETARY OF STATE, AUGUST 23, 1792

200 TO THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, AUGUST 26, 1792

201 TO THE ATTORNEY GENERAL, AUGUST 26, 1792

202 PROCLAMATION, SEPTEMBER 15, 1792

203 TO THE SECRETARY OF STATE, OCTOBER 18, 1792

204 PROCLAMATION, DECEMBER 12, 1792

205 PROCLAMATION OF NEUTRALITY, APRIL 22, 1793

206 TO GOVERNOR HENRY LEE, JULY 21, 1793

207 PROCLAMATION, MARCH 24, 1794

208 PROCLAMATION, AUGUST 7, 1794

209 TO GOVERNOR HENRY LEE, AUGUST 26, 1794

210 TO BURGESS BALL, SEPTEMBER 25, 1794

211 PROCLAMATION, SEPTEMBER 25, 1794

212 TO THE SECRETARY OF STATE, OCTOBER 16, 1794

213 TO JOHN JAY, NOVEMBER 1794

214 TO THE COMMISSIONERS OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, JANUARY 28, 1795

215 TO THOMAS JEFFERSON, MARCH 15, 1795

216 TO ALEXANDER HAMILTON, JULY 3, 1795

217 TO ALEXANDER HAMILTON, JULY 29, 1795

218 TO ALEXANDER HAMILTON, OCTOBER 29, 1795

219 TO GOUVERNEUR MORRIS, DECEMBER 22, 1795

220 TO THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, MARCH 30, 1796

CHAPTER FOURTEEN A Work Completed 1796–1799

221 TO ALEXANDER HAMILTON, MAY 8, 1796

222 TO THE EMPEROR OF GERMANY, MAY 15, 1796

223 TO ALEXANDER HAMILTON, MAY 15, 1796

224 TO THOMAS PINCKNEY, MAY 22, 1796

225 TO ALEXANDER HAMILTON, JUNE 26, 1796

226 TO THOMAS JEFFERSON, JULY 6, 1796

227 TO ALEXANDER HAMILTON, AUGUST 25, 1796

228 TALK TO THE CHEROKEE NATION, AUGUST 29, 1796

229 TO ALEXANDER HAMILTON, SEPTEMBER 1, 1796

230 TO ALEXANDER HAMILTON, NOVEMBER 2, 1796

231 TO JONATHAN TRUMBULL, MARCH 3, 1797

232 TO MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE, DECEMBER 25, 1798

233 TO PATRICK HENRY, JANUARY 15, 1799

Epilogue

234 TO GOVERNOR JONATHAN TRUMBULL, AUGUST 30, 1799

235 LAST WILL AND TESTAMENT, JULY 9, 1799

INDEX OF RECIPIENTS

SUBJECT INDEX

George Washington

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