Читать книгу Globalization - George Ritzer - Страница 43

There is a wide variety of cultural flows that exist, at least in part, independently of the other major forms of globalization (Nederveen Pieterse 2015). Examples include food (Italian, Chinese, Indian, etc.), television offerings (BBC and al-Hurra), movies (from Hollywood and Bollywood), museum shows, touring rock and classical music performances, and so on. Of course, these forms of cultural globalization cannot be divorced totally from the other major forms of globalization. They often have roots in particular nation-states (e.g. India’s Bollywood) and their global movement may lead to political outcries in various countries (the hostility to American-style fast food among at least some in France, Italy, and elsewhere). More importantly, all of these forms of cultural globalization are affected by economic considerations (e.g. whether or not they can at least earn back their expenses, if not show a profit, in other geographic locales) and have economic consequences (the continued production of new cultural offerings depends upon previous ones showing a profit, or at least not losing money).