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Pagan deities, also known as the “Ancient Ones,” are the goddesses and gods belonging to pantheons outside of the Christian, Jewish, and Moslem religions.

Many Wiccans and Neo-Pagans consider these deities to be different facets or aspects of the Goddess and Her consort, the Horned God. Some are gentle, beautiful, loving and benevolent, while others are ferocious, mischievous, or frightful in appearance.

Pagan deities are often invoked by Witches and other individuals who practice the magickal arts. They not only offer protection against negative influences when spells are being cast, when rituals are performed and potions are prepared, they also lend strength and power to a Witch and her (or his) magick.

Of course not all Witches invoke deities for spellwork, but the ones who do normally choose a goddess or god whose attributes correspond with the type of spell being performed. For instance, a love spell would appropriately call for a deity who governs love, such as Aphrodite or Venus. A fertility spell would work best with the invocation of a fertility deity; a money-drawing spell with the invocation of a deity associated with wealth and prosperity; a spell to heal a disease or illness with the invocation of a deity revered for his or her healing powers, and so forth.

Obviously, invoking a goddess of battle would not be a wise choice for any spell or potion of love magick. To call upon a deity whose attributes are in opposition to, or do not relate in any way to, the type of magick you are performing will almost always bring about unfavorable results. Therefore it is important to do a bit of research before you begin spellcasting and invoking in order to find out which deity would be most appropriate.

You should know who your Pagan deity is, what he or she represents, if there is a specific way in which to invoke this deity, what are his or her sacred candle colors, and so forth. The more you know about your deity’s qualities and abilities, the easier it will be to invoke him or her and the better your magick will be for it.

Many Witches feel most comfortable calling upon a pantheon which reflects their own ethnic or cultural roots. Some prefer working with their own patron goddess or god, and others simply invoke the Goddess and/or the Horned God.

It has been said that the Celtic deities are the most difficult of all the gods and goddesses to invoke. As a rule, they generally tend to be unreceptive to the prayers and invocations of most mortals. The reason for this is not fully understood. However, by comparison, the deities of the ancient Greek, Roman, Egyptian, and Norse pantheons are said to be the least difficult to invoke and are usually ready and willing to answer a sincere prayer or assist a worthy human in his or her magickal endeavors.

When invoking any of the Higher Powers, it is imperative that you do so in a mature and serious manner, offering lots of praise and thanks. Do not bother the sacred Ancient Ones with trivial matters and/or selfish pursuits. Remember, the gods must always be treated with the utmost respect and approached with only love in your heart if you hope to benefit from their divine presence.

If you are patient, sincere, and faithful, they will guide and empower you. But you must first be willing to work toward your goals and not be afraid to take total responsibility for all of your actions—magickal and otherwise. If you are not, then all the invoking in the world will more than likely not get you anywhere or produce the slightest result. You might just as well be talking to yourself or to the wind.

Also, if you intend to invoke more than one deity in the same spell, it is generally a good rule of thumb not to mix gods and/or goddesses from different pantheons. This is not to say that it cannot be done with successful results, and I personally do not feel that any great harm would arise from it if you did, especially if the deities governed the same things and were magickally or religiously compatible with each other. However, many grimoires (magickal texts) advise against such practices.

With that all settled, we can now move on to the next matter, which is the rite of invocation itself. In case you are unfamiliar with methods of invoking, I have included a simple Wiccan ritual for you to perform when you are ready to call upon one of the Ancient Ones. It is as follows:

Rite of Invocation

Cast a clockwise circle and then summon the four ancient elemental spirits of Air, Fire, Water, and Earth—starting at the Eastern cardinal point of the magick circle for Air, turning to the South for Fire, turning to the West for Water, and finally to the North for Earth. (The Water and Earth elements correspond to the female principle, while the Air and Fire elements correspond to the male principle.)

Next, light a candle within the circle that is of a color appropriate to the Pagan goddess or god whom you intend to invoke. Traditionally, a white candle is used for any deity who is associated with spiritual truth and strength, as well as for purification. A green candle is used for deities associated with healing, luck, fertility, and prosperity; pink for deities associated with love; red for deities associated with sexuality, protection, physical strength, and health; orange for deities associated with both courage and legal matters; and blue for deities associated with peace and dreams (especially those of a prophetic nature). For invoking deities associated with divination and the psychic abilities, it is best to use candles of purple or dark blue. Silver is the traditional candle color for lunar goddesses, and gold is associated with solar deities.

(Black-colored candles should not be utilized for invoking, for they are sacred only to the gods and goddesses who govern the underworld, death, darkness, and sorcery.)

After the deity’s sacred candle has been lit, you may light some incense as a fragrant offering if you so desire. A combination of frankincense and myrrh works the best for most invocations; however, any incense which possesses the same magickal correspondence as your deity’s will also suffice. It does not matter whether the incense is granular or in the form of a cone or a stick. But whichever type of incense you choose, take care to burn it in a fireproof incense burner.

Relax and breathe slowly and deeply for several minutes while you meditate upon your deity. Form a mental image of the deity in your mind’s eye and chant his or her name either silently or just above a whisper. Concentrate only upon the deity and do not let your thoughts wander off. If you find it helpful, you may focus your eyes upon a figurine or illustration which depicts the deity as you meditate.

When you feel ready to do so, you may begin the spoken invocation. Assume the traditional Witch’s prayer position (arms outstretched with palms of hands turned upward) and say:

With the deepest love and respect

I invite into this circle

Of the four ancient elements

The illuminating radiance of (deity’s name).

O great ancient one

I call upon they presence

Mysterious and divine

To be with me now

In this space and time,

To witness, protect, and guide

This Witch’s rite of magick.

So mote it be.

If you feel like changing or adding anything to the invocation to suit your own individual needs, feel free to do so. I see nothing wrong with making alterations to any spell or ritual in order to “customize” it. In fact, I even encourage it, because the more of yourself you put into your magick, the more powerful your magick will be.

You may have to repeat the invocation several times before the presence of the deity is made known to you. Be patient and do not expect the deity to appear before you in a solid, three-dimensional, physical form or materialize in a dramatic manner such as with a great roar of thunder or in a dazzling flash of smoke and flames. Unfortunately, this type of magick only happens in the movies.

Actually, the Higher Forces more commonly manifest themselves in extremely subtle ways to those who invoke them. You are more likely to simply feel a strange warmth or tingling sensation, smell a pleasant aroma, or sense a strong loving and protective presence gently swirling around you after a successful invocation has been made, rather than witness an awesome supernatural being appear before your eyes like the fabled genie of the lamp.

If you do see anything, chances are good that it will be “seen” by your mind’s eye rather than by your physical organs of sight, and what you will clairvoyantly encounter can range from a simple glowing light to something of the utterly fantastic.

It would be impossible for me, or anybody else, to tell you exactly what you can expect to see, feel, hear, smell, or even taste, because each person’s connection with the Ancient Ones is a truly unique happening. It is rare for two or more individuals to share the same exact experience.

If, after several attempts at invoking, you still feel that you have been unsuccessful, do not become discouraged. Try again at a later time or perhaps consider invoking a different deity. Or just continue on with whatever ritual, spell, or prayer you intended to perform, for it is possible that the deity you called upon is already at your side even though you may be completely unaware of his or her presence. (In time, when you are ready, your psychic and spiritual sensitivity will expand and allow you to experience the things you are presently unable to. Like anything else, it merely requires practice and perseverance!)

After your spellwork has been completed, be sure to give proper thanks to your deity and then bid him or her farewell. Do the same with the four elementals, devoking them in the opposite manner in which they were invoked. And finally, uncast the magick circle in a counterclockwise fashion.

Pagan Goddesses and Gods

The following Pagan goddesses and gods rule over love and sexuality. They are from various cultures and all are ancient in origin. Any of them may be invoked when you are preparing love potions, aphrodisiacs, or performing love or lust spells:

Amor Roman god of love

Aphrodite Greek goddess of sexual love

Hathor Egyptian goddess of love

Huehuecoyotl Aztec god of sexual lust

Ixtlilton Aztec god of sexual lust

Kamadeva Hindu god of love and carnal pleasure

Manmatha Dravidian god of carnal pleasure

Pradyumna Early Dravidian god of love

Prende Albanian goddess of love

Radha Hindu goddess of emotional love

Rati Hindu goddess of sexual desire

Turan Etruscan goddess of love

Venus Roman goddess of love and beauty

Xochiquetzal-Ichpuchtlic Aztec fertility goddess associated with sexual love

The following Pagan goddesses and gods rule over wealth and prosperity. Any of them may be invoked when you are preparing potions or casting spells that are designed to draw money to you and increase your prosperity:

Aje West African goddess

Ashiakle West African goddess

Bagisht Kafir god

Dedwen Nubian god

Dhisana Hindu goddess

Kubera Hindu god

Lakshmi Hindu goddess

Moneta Roman goddess

Osanobua West African god

Parendi Hindu goddess

Plutos Greek god

Purandhi Hindu goddess

Raka Hindu goddess

Tsai Shen Chinese god

Wamala East African god

If you are preparing a fertility-increasing potion, you may invoke any of the following gods and goddesses who preside over fertility:

Abundantia Roman goddess

Anaitis Persian goddess

Aphrodisias Turkish goddess

Astarte Phoenician goddess

Astoreth Palestinian/Philistine goddess

Brigit Celtic goddess

Cernunnos Celtic god

Eostre Anglo-Saxon goddess

Freyja Nordic goddess

Freyr Nordic god

Ishtar Mesopotamian goddess

Kronos Greek god

Min Egyptian god

Myrrha Phoenician goddess

Obatala African god

Priapos Greek/Phrygian god

Pusti Hindu goddess

Quades Western Semitic goddess

Sauska Hittite/Hurrian goddess

Seta East African goddess

Titenua Polynesian god

Totoltecatl Aztec god

Xochiquetzal Aztec goddess

The following list contains Pagan deities from around the world who are associated with health and healing. You may invoke any of them whenever preparing or using medicinal potions:

Aesculapius Roman god

Apollo Greek god

Basamum Arabian god

Belenus Celtic god

Borvo Romano-Celtic god

Disani Kafir goddess

Esmun Western Semitic god

Ghantakarna Hindu god

Grannus Romano-Celtic god

Gula Mesopotamian goddess

Hala Kassite goddess

Hygieia Greek goddess

Kamrusepa Hittite/Hurrian goddess

Kantatman Hindu god

Lenus Celtic god

Lubanga East African god

Meditrinia Roman goddess

Ninazu Mesopotamian god

Nuadu Celtic god

Ocelus Romano-Celtic god

Osanobua West African god

Sadrapa Syrian god

Salus Roman god

Sirona Gallic goddess

Sukuna-Hikona Japanese god

Tatevali Huichol Indian god

Thatmanitu Western Semitic goddess

Tozi Aztec goddess

Yen Kuang Niang Niang Chinese goddess

Zapotlantenan Aztec goddess

When potions involving justice are brewed, any of the following gods and goddesses may be invoked to ensure successful results:

Dike Greek goddess

Itztli Aztec god

Nanse Mesopotamian goddess

Nekmet Awai Egyptian goddess

Nemesis Greco-Roman goddess

Pao Kung Chinese god

Rasnu Persian god

Samas Mesopotamian god

Themis Greco-Roman goddess

Thor Nordic god

Ull Nordic god

Utu Mesopotamian god

The following Pagan deities are associated with wisdom. You may invoke the presence and power of any of these gods and goddesses whenever potions and/or spells to increase one’s wisdom are utilized:

Bo Hsian Chinese god

Enki Mesopotamian god

Genesa Hindu god

Hayagriva Hindu god

Ifa Yoruba god

Kvasir Nordic god

Mahasthama Buddhist god

Manjusri Buddhist god

Metis Greek goddess

Mimir Nordic god

Minerva Roman goddess

Nabu Babylonian god

Nebo Western Semitic god

Nissaba Mesopotamian goddess

Ori Nigerian god

Sarasvati Hindu goddess

Thoth Egyptian god

Tir Armenian god

Everyone needs a little good luck now and then, and when potions to attract good luck and fortune are prepared, any of the following Pagan deities may be invoked:

Ekajata Buddhist goddess

Fortuna Roman goddess

Fu Shen Chinese god

Saubhagya-Bhuvanesvari Buddhist goddess

Siddhi Hindu goddess

Sors Roman god

Additionally, any or all of the seven principle Shinto (Japanese) deities of good luck may be invoked. These popular deities consist of Benten-San (the only female deity of the group), Bishamon, Daikoku, Ebisu, Fukurokuju, Hotei and Junrojin. Collectively, they are known throughout Japan as the Shichi-Fuku-Jin.