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These are confused as the traditional view was that the pig was domesticated in Southeast Asia and then was brought westwards to Central Asia and on to Europe. There is some genetic evidence that domestication occurred also in Eastern Europe and there may well have been some crossing of early domestic pigs. Certainly the European wild boar (Sus scrofu) was involved in the 4th millennium BC in Europe (Fig. 1.1). Equally, there is evidence of domestication 9000 years ago in the Mekong Delta in Vietnam. By referencing the pig genome some authors (Groenen et al., 2012) have discovered that there was a deep phylogenetic split between European and Asian wild boars around one million years ago, substantiating the hypothesis that pigs were independently domesticated in western Eurasia and East Asia. The pig has become part of the culture of Southeast Asia (Fig. 1.2).

The pig is a forest animal (Fig. 1.3). It does not lend itself to being driven like cattle, sheep and goats and so its domestication will have been delayed until man had a more sedentary existence.