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The clock bias discrepancy will degrade the navigation solution in two scenarios: (i) whenever the receiver is receiving signals from both sector antennas within a BTS cell and (ii) whenever the receiver is exchanging pseudorange measurements with another receiver in a different sector (e.g. in a mapper/navigator framework or a collaborative navigation framework). A practical upper bound on the introduced error in the navigation solution due to this discrepancy as well as theoretical lower bounds on the estimation error covariance for static and batch estimators are derived in [25].

Figure 38.59 Locations of the cellular CDMA BTSs: Colton, California; Riverside, California; and the University of California–Riverside (UCR).

Map data: Google Earth (Khalife et al. [12]; Khalife and Kassas [22]). Source: Reproduced with permission of Institute of Navigation, IEEE.

Figure 38.60 Six realizations, five minutes each, of the sector clock bias discrepancy for the tests in Table 38.5 (Khalife et al. [12]; Khalife and Kassas [22]).

Source: Reproduced with permission of Institute of Navigation, IEEE.