Читать книгу Position, Navigation, and Timing Technologies in the 21st Century - Группа авторов - Страница 65

1 1 R. Mautz, “Indoor Positioning Technologies,” 2012.

2 2 A. Molisch, “Ultrawideband propagation channels,” Proceedings of IEEE, Special Issue on UWB, Vol. 97, pp. 353–371, 2009.

3 3 A. Bensky Wireless Positioning Technologies and Applications, Artech House Publishers, 2007, 311 p.

4 4 Z. Farid, R. Nordin, and M. Ismail, “Recent advances in wireless indoor localization techniques and system,” Journal of Computer Networks and Communications, 2013.

5 5 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System,2016.

6 6 F. Seco, A. R. Jim’enez, C. Prieto, J. Roa, and K. Koutsou, “A survey of mathematical methods for indoor localization,” in Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing (WISP ‘09), August 2009, pp. 9–14.

7 7 O.A. Aider, P. Hoppenot, and E. Colle, “A model‐based method for indoor mobile robot localization using monocular vision and straight‐line correspondences,” Robotics and Autonomous Systems, Vol. 52, No. 2‐3, pp. 229–246, August 31, 2005.

8 8 V.A. Petrushin, Gang Wei, and A.V. Gershman, “Multiple‐camera people localization in an indoor environment,” Knowledge and Information Systems, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 229–241, August 2006.

9 9 IEC, “Safety of laser products – part 1: Equipment classification and requirements,” Technical Information Report 2nd edition, International Electrotechnical Commission, 2007.

10 10 C. Ciavarella and F. Paterno, “The design of a handheld, location‐aware guide for indoor environments,” Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 82–91, 2004.

11 11 J. Xiao, Z. Liu, Y. Yang, D. Liu, and H. Xu, “Comparison and analysis of indoor wireless positioning techniques,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Science and Service System (CSSS ‘11), June 2011, pp. 293–296.

12 12 J. Torres‐Solis, T.H. Falk, and T. Chau, “A review of indoor localization technologies: towards navigational assistance for topographical disorientation,” in Ambient Intelligence (ed. F.J.V. Molina), INTECH Open Access Publisher, 2010.

13 13 P. Vorst, J. Sommer, C. Hoene et al., “Indoor positioning via three different RF technologies,” in Proceedings of the 4th European Workshop on RFID Systems and Technologies (RFID SysTech ‘08), June 2008, pp. 1–10.

14 14 X. Zhao, Z. Xiao, A. Markham, N. Trigoni, and Y. Ren, “Does BTLE measure up against WiFi? A comparison of indoor location performance,” in European Wireless 2014; 20th European Wireless Conference; Proceedings of, VDE, May 2014, pp. 1–6.

15 15 M. Philipose, J.R. Smith, B. Jiang, A. Mamishev, S. Roy, and K. Sundara‐Rajan, “Battery‐free wireless identification and sensing,” IEEE Pervasive Computing, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 37–45, January/March 2005.

16 16 M. Vossiek, L. Wiebking, M. Gl¨anzer, D. Mastela, and M. Christmann, “Wireless local positioning—concepts, solutions, applications,” in Proceedings of the IEEE Radio and Wireless Conference (RAWCON ‘03), August 2003, pp. 219–224.

17 17 M. Rabinowitz and J.J. Spilker Jr., “A new positioning system using television synchronization signals,” IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 51–61, March, 2005.

18 18 H. Sheng, L. Jian‐jun, X. Ying, G. Jun‐wei, and B. Hae‐Young, “Hybrid location determination technology within urban and indoor environment based on cell‐id and path loss,” Journal of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunication (Natural Science Edition), Vol. 16, No. 5, 46–49, October 2004.

19 19 A. Popleteev, V. Osmani, and O. Mayora, “Investigation of indoor localization with ambient FM radio stations,” in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom ‘12), 2012.

20 20 AAMI, “Technical information report (tir) 18, guidance on electromagnetic compatibility of medical devices for clinical/biomedical engineers,” Technical Information Report TIR‐18, Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation, Arlington, Virginia, 1997.

21 21 M. Hazas and A. Hopper, “Broadband ultrasonic location systems for improved indoor positioning,” IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 536–547, September/October, 2006.

22 22 R. Casas, D. Cuartielles, A. Marco, H.J. Gracia, and J.L. Falc´o, “Hidden issues in deploying an indoor location system,” IEEE Pervasive Computing, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 62–69, 2007.

23 23 R.J. Orr and G.D. Abowd, “The smart floor: A mechanism for natural user identification and tracking,” in CHI '00: CHI '00 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, New York, NY, USA, 2000, ACM, pp. 275–276.

24 24 G. Retscher, “Test and integration of location sensors for a multi‐sensor personal navigator,” Journal of Navigation, Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 107–117, January 2007.

25 25 F. Evennou and F. Marx, “Advanced integration of WiFi and inertial navigation systems for indoor mobile positioning,” EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, Vol. 2006, No. 17, 11 pp., 2006.

26 26 M. Vossiek, M. Wiebking, L. Gulden, P. Weighardt, and J. Hoffmann, “Wireless local positioning—Concepts, solutions, applications,” in Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, August 2003, pp. 219–224.

27 27 H. Liu, H. Darabi P. Banerjee, and J. Liu, “Survey of wireless indoor positioning techniques and systems,” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews), Vol. 37, No. 6, 1067–1080, November 2007.

28 28 R.J. Fontana, E. Richley, and J. Barney, “Commercialization of an ultra wideband precision asset location system,” in Proceedings of the IEEE Ultra Wideband Systems Technologies Conference, Reston, Virginia, November 2003, pp. 369–373.

29 29 B.D. Van Veen and K.M. Buckley, “Beamforming: A versatile approach to spatial filtering,” IEEE ASSP Magazine, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 4–24, April 1988.

30 30 F. Belloni et al., “Angle‐based indoor positioning system for open indoor environments,” 6th Wksp. Positioning, Navigation and Communication, WPNC 2009, March 2009, pp. 261–265.

31 31 P. Stoica and R.L. Moses, Introduction to Spectral Analysis, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice‐Hall, 1997.

32 32 B. Ottersten, M. Viberg, P. Stoica, and A. Nehorai, “Exact and large sample ML techniques for parameter estimation and detection in array processing,” in Radar Array Processing (eds. S.S. Haykin, J. Litva, and T.J. Shepherd), pp. 99–151, New York: Springer‐Verlag, 1993.

33 33 Z. Yang, Z. Wang, J. Zhang, C. Huang, and Q. Zhang, “Wearables can afford: Light‐weight indoor positioning with visible light,” in Proceedings of the 13th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services, ACM, May 2015, pp. 317–330.

34 34 Y.‐S. Kuo, P. Pannuto, K.‐J. Hsiao, and P. Dutta, “Luxapose: Indoor positioning with mobile phones and visible light,” MobiCom ‘14, New York, NY, USA, ACM, 2014, pp. 447–458.

35 35 D. Hauschildt and N. Kirchhof, “Advances in thermal infrared localization: Challenges and solutions,” Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN), September 15–17, 2010 Campus Science City, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, 2010.

36 36 K. Atsuumi and M. Sano, “Indoor IR Azimuth sensor using a linear polarizer,” Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN), September 15–17, 2010 Campus Science City, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, 2010.

37 37 B. Fang, “Simple solution for hyperbolic and related position fixes,” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 748–753, September 1990.

38 38 X. Li, K. Pahlavan, M. Latva‐aho, and M. Ylianttila, “Comparison of indoor geolocation methods in DSSS and OFDM wireless LAN,” in Proceedings of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Vol. 6, September 2000, pp. 3015–3020.

39 39 N.S. Correal, S. Kyperountas, Q. Shi, and M. Welborn, “An ultrawideband relative location system,” in Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Ultra Wideband Systems and Technology, November 2003, pp. 394–397.

40 40 D. Dardari et al., “Ranging with ultrawide bandwidth signals in multipath environments,” Proceedings of IEEE, Vol. 97, No. 2, February 2009, pp. 404–426.

41 41 S. Gezici, Z. Tian, G. V. Giannakis, H. Kobaysahi, A.F. Molisch, H.V. Poor, and Z. Sahinoglu, “Localization via ultra‐wideband radios: A look at positioning aspects for future sensor networks,” IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 70–84, July 2005.

42 42 R.J. Fontana, “Recent system applications of short‐pulse ultra‐wideband (UWB) technology,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 52, No. 9, pp. 2087–2104, September 2004.

43 43 Active Bat website, http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/dtg/attarchive/bat/

44 44 Hexamite: http://www.hexamite.com/

45 45 S. Venkatraman and J. Caffery, “Hybrid TOA/AOA techniques for mobile location in non‐line‐of‐sight environments,” IEEE WCNC 2004, Vol. 1, pp. 274–278, March 2004.

46 46 C. Yang and H.‐R. Shao, “WiFi‐based indoor positioning,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 53, No. 3, 150–157, 2015.

47 47 D. Zhang, F. Xia, Z. Yang, L. Yao, and W. Zhao, “Localization technologies for indoor human tracking,” in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Future Information Technology (FutureTech ‘10), May 2010.

48 48 AeroScout. [Online]. Available: http://www.aeroscout.com/

49 49 Wherenet, https://www.zebra.com/us/en/solutions/location‐solutions/enabling‐technologies/wherenet.html

50 50 J. Werb and C. Lanzl, “Designing a position system finding things and people indoors,” IEEE Spectrum, Vol. 35, No. 9, pp. 71–78, September 1998.

51 51 A. Stelzer, K. Pourvoyeur, and A. Fischer, “Concept and application of LPM – A novel 3‐D local position measurement system,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 52, No. 12, pp. 2664–2669, 2004.

52 52 S. Gezici, “A survey on wireless position estimation,” Wireless Personal Communications, Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 263–282, 2008.

53 53 J. Zhou, K.M.‐K. Chu, and J.K.‐Y. Ng, “Providing location services within a radio cellular network using ellipse propagation model,” in Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Application, March 2005, pp. 559–564.

54 54 A. Teuber and B. Eissfeller, “A two‐stage fuzzy logic approach for wireless LAN indoor positioning,” in Proceedings of the IEEE/ION Position Location Navigation Symposium, Vol. 4, April 2006, pp. 730–738.

55 55 A. Kotanen, M. Hannikainen, H. Leppakoski, and T.D. Hamalainen, “Experiments on local positioning with Bluetooth,” in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Information Technology: Computer and Communication, April 2003, pp. 297–303.

56 56 J. Hallberg, M. Nilsson, and K. Synnes, “Positioning with Bluetooth,” in Proceedings of the IEEE 10th International Conference on Telecommunication, Vol. 2, March 2003, pp. 954–958.

57 57 K. Pahlavan, X. Li, and J. Makela, “Indoor geolocation science and technology,” IEEE Communication Magazine, Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 112–118, February 2002.

58 58 T. Chrysikos, G. Georgopoulos, and S. Kotsopoulos, “Site‐specific validation of ITU indoor path loss model at 2.4 GHz,” 10th IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM), June 2009, pp. 1–6.

59 59 B.B. Parodi, H. Lenz, A. Szabo, H. Wang, J. Horn, J. Bamberger, and J. Obradovic, “Initialization and online‐learning of RSS maps for indoor/campus localization,” Proceedings of Position Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS 06), IEEE/ION, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, 2006, pp. 24–27.

60 60 https://combain.com/

61 61 https://unwiredlabs.com/

62 62 https://location.services.mozilla.com/

63 63 https://www.navizon.com/wifi‐cell‐tower‐location‐database.php

64 64 D. Han, S. Jung, M. Lee, and G. Yoon, “Building a practical Wi‐Fi‐based indoor navigation system,” IEEE Pervasive Computing, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 72–79. 2014.

65 65 P. Bahl and V.N. Padmanabhan, “RADAR: An in‐building RF‐based user location and tracking system,” in Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM 2000, Vol. 2, March 2000, pp. 775–784.

66 66 V. Otsason, A. Varshavsky, A. LaMarca, and E. de Lara, “Accurate GSM indoor localization,” UbiComp 2005, Lecture Notes Computer Science, Springer‐Verlag, Vol. 3660, 2005, pp. 141–158.

67 67 Gimbal: http://www.gimbal.com/

68 68 iBeacon: https://developer.apple.com/ibeacon/

69 69 A. LaMarca, Y. Chawathe, S. Consolvo, J. Hightower, I. Smith, J. Scott, T. Sohn, J. Howard, J. Hughes, F. Potter, J. Tabert, P. Powledge, G. Borriello, and B. Schilit, “Place lab: Device positioning using radio beacons in the wild,” in Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Pervasive Computing, 2005, pp. 116–133.

70 70 M. Youssef and A. Agrawala, “The Horus WLAN location determination system,” in Proceedings of the Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services, 2005, pp. 205–218.

71 71 T. Roos, P. Myllymaki, H. Tirri, P. Misikangas, and J. Sievanan, “A probabilistic approach to WLAN user location estimation,” International Journal of Wireless Information Networks, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 155–164, July 2002.

72 72 P. Castro, P. Chiu, T. Kremenek, and R.R. Muntz, “A probabilistic room location service for wireless networked environments,” in Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing, Atlanta, GA, September 2001, pp. 18–34.

73 73 S. Saha, K. Chaudhuri, D. Sanghi, and P. Bhagwat, “Location determination of a mobile device using IEEE 802.11b access point signals,” in Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, Vol. 3, March 2003, pp. 1987–1992.

74 74 A.M. Ladd, K.E. Bekris, A. Rudys, L.E. Kavraki, and D.S. Wallach, “On the feasibility of using wireless Ethernet for indoor localization,” IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 555–559, June 2004.

75 75 W. Sun, J. Liu, C. Wu, Z. Yang, X. Zhang, and Y. Liu, “MoLoc: On distinguishing fingerprint twins,” in Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), 2013a.

76 76 V. Moghtadaiee, A.G. Dempster, and S. Lim, “Indoor localization using FM radio signals: A fingerprinting approach,” in IPIN, September 2011, pp. 1–7.

77 77 Y. Chen, D. Lymberopoulos, J. Liu, and B. Priyantha, “Indoor localization using FM signals,” IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, Vol. 12, No. 8, 1502–1517, 2013.

78 78 A.S.‐I. Noh, W.J. Lee, and J.Y. Ye, “Comparison of the mechanisms of the Zigbee’s indoor localization algorithm,” in Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing, 2008, SNPD ‘08. Ninth ACIS International Conference on, 2008, pp. 13–18.

79 79 J. Yang and R. Rao, “Multi‐subnetwork switching mechanism in the large‐scale Zigbee mesh network for the real‐time indoor positioning system,” in Multimedia Information Networking and Security (MINES), 2011 Third International Conference on, 2011, pp. 100–104.

80 80 A. Anshul Rai and K.K. Chintalapudi, P. Venkat, and R. Sen, “Zee: Zero‐effort crowdsourcing for indoor localization,” in Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom), August 2012.

81 81 R. Smith, M. Self, and P. Cheeseman, “Estimating uncertain spatial relationships in robotics,” in Autonomous Robot Vehicles (eds. I.J. Cox and G.T. Wilfong), pp. 167–193, Springer‐Verlag New York, Inc., 1990.

82 82 S. Sen et al., “Avoiding multipath to revive inbuilding Wi‐Fi localization,” in MobiSys, 2013.

83 83 A.R. Golding, and N. Lesh, “Indoor navigation using a diverse set of cheap, wearable sensors,” ISWC ‘99: Proc. 3rd IEEE Int. Symp. Wearable Computers, San Francisco, CA, USA, IEEE Computer Society, 1999, p. 29.

84 84 A. Hub, J. Diepstraten, and T. Ertl, “Design and development of an indoor navigation and object identification system for the blind,” Proceedings of the 6th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, Atlanta, GA, USA, 2004, pp. 147–152.

85 85 L. Ran, S. Helal, and S. Moore, “Drishti: An integrated indoor/outdoor blind navigation system and service,” PERCOM ‘04 Proc. Second IEEE International Conf. Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom’04), Orlando, FL, USA, 2004, pp. 23–30.

86 86 G. Retscher and M. Thienelt, “Navio—a navigation and guidance service for pedestrians,” Journal of Global Positioning Systems, Vol. 3, No. 1–2, 208–217, 2004.

87 87 A.R. Golding and N. Lesh, “Indoor navigation using a diverse set of cheap, wearable sensors,” in Wearable Computers, The Third International Symposium on, IEEE, pp. 29–36, 1999.

88 88 N. Ravi and L. Iftode, “Fiatlux: Fingerprinting rooms using light intensity.” In Pervasive Computing, in Adjunct Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on, 2007.

89 89 A.R. Jimenez, F. Zampella, and F. Seco, “Light‐matching: A new signal of opportunity for pedestrian indoor navigation,” in Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN), 2013 International Conference on, IEEE, 2013, pp. 1–10.

90 90 S.‐Y. Jung, C.‐K. Choi, S. Hu Heo, S. Ro Lee, and C.‐S. Park, “Received signal strength ratio based optical wireless indoor localization using light emitting diodes for illumination,” in Consumer Electronics (ICCE), 2013 IEEE, 2013.

91 91 W. Zhang and M. Kavehrad, “A 2D indoor localization system based on visible light LED,” in Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series, IEEE, 2012, pp. 80–81.

92 92 M. Bilgi, M. Yuksel, and N. Pala, “3D optical wireless localization,” in GLOBECOM Workshops (GC Wkshps), IEEE, 2010, pp. 1062–1066.

93 93 P. Hu, L. Li, C. Peng, G. Shen, and F. Zhao, “Pharos: Enable physical analytics through visible light based indoor localization,” in Proceedings of the Twelfth ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks, ACM, 2013, 5.

94 94 L. Li, P. Hu, C. Peng, G. Shen, and F. Zhao, Epsilon: A visible light based positioning system, in 11th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 14), USENIX Association, 2014, pp. 331–343.

95 95 Microsoft Kinect: http://www.xbox.com/de‐DE/kinect/

96 96 Sky‐Trax Inc., 2011, http://www.sky‐trax.com/

97 97 A. Mulloni, D. Wgner, D. Schmalstieg, and I. Barakonyi, “Indoor positioning and navigation with camera phones,” Pervasive Computing, IEEE, Vol. 8, pp. 22–31, 2009.

98 98 AICON 3D Systems: http://www.aicon.de

99 99 Hagisonic, “User’s Guide Localization System StarGazerTM for Intelligent Robots,” 2008, http://www.hagisonic.com/

100 100 S. Lee and J.B. Song, “Mobile Robot localization using infrared light reflecting landmarks,” Proceedings of the International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS’07), 2007, pp. 674–677.

101 101 M. Köhler, S. Patel, J. Summet, E. Stuntebeck, and G. Abowed, “TrackSense: Infrastructure free precise indoor positioning using projected patterns,” Pervasive Computing, LNCS, Vol. 4480, pp. 334–350, 2007.

102 102 R. Want, A. Hopper, V. Falcao, and J. Gibbons, “The Active Badge Location System,” ACM Transactions on Information Systems, Vol. 10, No. 1, January 1992, pp. 91–102.

103 103 L.M. Ni, Y. Liu, Y.C. Lau, and A.P. Patil, “LANDMARC: Indoor location sensing using active RFID,” Wireless Networks, Vol. 10, No. 6, pp. 701–710, November 2004.

104 104 J.J. Caffery and G.L. Stuber, “Overview of radiolocation in CDMA cellular system,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 38–45, April 1998.

105 105 R. Harle, "A survey of indoor inertial positioning systems for pedestrians," in IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 1281–1293, Third Quarter 2013.

106 106 H. WeinBerg, “AN‐602: Using the ADXL202 in pedometer and personal navigation applications,” Analog Devices, Tech. Rep., 2002.

107 107 C. Randell, C. Djiallis, and H. Muller, “Personal position measurement using dead reckoning,” in Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers (ISWC), 2003.

108 108 C. Wu, Z. Yang, Y. Liu, and W. Xi, “WILL: Wireless indoor localization without site survey,” IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol. 24, No. 4, 839–848, 2013a.

109 109 A.R. Jimenez, F. Seco, C. Prieto, and J. Guevara, “A comparison of pedestrian dead‐reckoning algorithms using a low‐cost MEMS IMU,” in Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing (WISP), 2009.

110 110 Z. Yang, C. Wu, and Y. Liu, “Locating in fingerprint space: Wireless indoor localization with little human intervention,” in Proceedings of ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom), 2012.

111 111 H. Wang, S. Sen, A. Elgohary, M. Farid, M. Youssef, and R. Roy Choudhury, “No need to war‐drive: Unsupervised indoor localization,” in Proceedings of ACM International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys), 2012.

112 112 S. Sen, J. Lee, K.‐H. Kim, and P. Congdon, “Back to the basics: Avoiding multipath to revive inbuilding WiFi localization,” in Proceedings of ACM International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys), 2013.

113 113 P. Goyal, V.J. Ribeiro, H. Saran, and A. Kumar, “Strap‐down Pedestrian Dead‐Reckoning system,” in 2011 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation, IEEE, September 2011, pp. 1–7.

114 114 X. Zhu, Q. Li, and G. Chen, “APT: Accurate outdoor pedestrian tracking with smartphones,” in Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), 2013.

115 115 J. Saarinen, J. Suomela, S. Heikkila, M. Elomaa, and A. Halme, “Personal navigation system,” 2004 IEEERSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IROS IEEE Cat No04CH37566, 2004, pp. 212–217.

116 116 Q. Wang, X. Zhang, X. Chen, R. Chen, W. Chen, and Y. Chen, “A novel pedestrian dead reckoning algorithm using wearable EMG sensors to measure walking strides,” in 2010 Ubiquitous Positioning Indoor Navigation and Location Based Service, IEEE, October 2010, pp. 1–8.

117 117 R. Margaria and R. Margaria, Biomechanics and Energetics of Muscular Exercise, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1976.

118 118 Q. Ladetto, “On foot navigation: Continuous step calibration using both complementary recursive prediction and adaptive Kalman filtering,” in Proceedings of ION GPS, 2000.

119 119 D. Gusenbauer, C. Isert, and J. Krosche, “Self‐contained indoor positioning on off‐the‐shelf mobile devices,” in Proceedings of International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN), 2010.

120 120 J.E.A. Bertram and A. Ruina, “Multiple walking speed–frequency relations are predicted by constrained optimization,” Elsevier Journal of Theoretical Biology, Vol. 209, No. 4, 445–453. 2001.

121 121 D.‐K. Cho, M. Mun, U. Lee, W.J. Kaiser, and M. Gerla, “AutoGait: A mobile platform that accurately estimates the distance walked,” in Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom), 2010.

122 122 G. Shen, Z. Chen, P. Zhang, T. Moscibroda, and Y. Zhang, “Walkie‐Markie: Indoor pathway mapping made easy,” in Proceedings of USENIX Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI), 2013.

123 123 E. Miluzzo, N.D. Lane, K. Fodor, R. Peterson, H. Lu, M. Musolesi, S.B. Eisenman, X. Zheng, and A.T. Campbell, “Sensing meets mobile social networks: The design, implementation and evaluation of the CenceMe application,” in Proceedings of ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys), 2008.

124 124 T. Iso and K. Yamazaki, “Gait analyzer based on a cell phone with a single three‐axis accelerometer,” in Proceedings of ACM Conference on Human‐Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI), 2006.

125 125 J.‐G. Park, A. Patel, D. Curtis, S. Teller, and J. Ledlie, “Online pose classification and walking speed estimation using handheld devices,” In Proceedings of ACM International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp), 2012.

126 126 R. Harle, “A survey of indoor inertial positioning systems for pedestrians,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Vol. 15, No. 3, 1281–1293, 2013.

127 127 K. Park, H. Shin, and H. Cha, “Smartphone‐based pedestrian tracking in indoor corridor environments,” Springer Personal Ubiquitous Computing, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 359–370, 2013.

128 128 M.H. Afzal, V. Renaudin, and G. Lachapelle, “Assessment of indoor magnetic field anomalies using multiple magnetometers,” in ION GNSS, September 2010, pp. 21–24.

129 129 M. Youssef, M.A. Yosef, and M. El‐Derini, “GAC: Energy‐efficient hybrid GPS‐accelerometer‐compass GSM localization,” in Proceedings of IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM), 2010.

130 130 J.W. Kim and C. Park, “A step, stride and heading determination for the pedestrian navigation system,” Technology, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 273–279, 2005.

131 131 U. Steinhoff and B. Schiele, “Dead reckoning from the pocket – an experimental study,” in Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom), 2010 IEEE International Conference on, 29 March 2010–2 April 2010, pp. 162–170.

132 132 X. Zhu, Q. Li, and G. Chen, “APT: Accurate outdoor pedestrian tracking with smartphones,” in Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), 2013.

133 133 K.‐C. Lan and W.‐Y. Shih, “Using floor plan to calibrate sensor drift error for indoor localization,” in Proceedings of the Joint ERCIM eMobility and MobiSense Workshop (ERCIM), 2013.

134 134 D. Fox, S. Thrun, W. Burgard, and F. Dellaert, “Particle filters for mobile robot localization,” in Sequential Monte Carlo Methods in Practice, pp. 401–428, Springer, 2001.

135 135 O. Woodman and R. Harle, “Pedestrian localisation for indoor environments,” in Proceedings of ACM International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp), 2008.

136 136 S. Beauregard, Widyawan, and M. Klepal, “Indoor PDR performance enhancement using minimal map information and particle filters,” in Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium, 2008, pp. 141–147.

137 137 Widyawan, M. Klepal, and D. Pesch, “A Bayesian Approach for RF‐Based Indoor Localisation,” in Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems 2007 (ISWCS 2007), Trondheim, Norway, October 16 2007.

138 138 Z. Yang, C. Wu, Z. Zhou, X. Zhang, X. Wang, and Y. Liu, “Mobility increases localizability: A survey on wireless indoor localization using inertial sensors,” ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), Vol. 47, No. 3, 2015: 54.

139 139 S. Yoon, K. Lee, and I. Rhee, “FM‐based indoor localization via automatic fingerprint DB construction and matching,” in Proceedings of ACM International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys), 2013.

140 140 P. Robertson, M. Angermann, B. Krach, and M. Khider, “Slam dance: Inertial‐based joint mapping and positioning for pedestrian navigation,” in Proceedings of Inside GNSS, pp. 48–59, 2010.

141 141 M. Montemerlo, S. Thrun, D. Koller, and B. Wegbreit, “FastSLAM: A factored solution to the simultaneous localization and mapping problem,” in Proceedings of the AAAI National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Edmonton, Canada, 2002.

142 142 J. Seitz, T. Vaupel, J. Jahn, S. Meyer, J. G. Boronat, and J. Thielecke, “A hidden Markov model for urban navigation based on fingerprinting and pedestrian dead reckoning,” in Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Information Fusion, pp. 1–8, 2010.

143 143 L. Rabiner and B. Juang, “An introduction to hidden Markov models,” ASSP Magazine, IEEE, Vol. 3, pp. 4–16, January 1986.

144 144 H. Wang, A. Szabo, and J. Bamberger, “Performance comparison of nonlinear filters for indoor WLAN positioning,” The 11th International Conference on Information Fusion, Vol. 1, 2008.

145 145 O. Woodman and R. Harle, “Pedestrian localisation for indoor environments,” Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing, ACM New York, 2008, pp. 114–123.

146 146 H. Wen, Z. Xiao, N. Trigoni, and P. Blunsom, “On assessing the accuracy of positioning systems in indoor environments,” in Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks, pp. 1–17, 2013.

147 147 L.R. Welch, “Hidden Markov models and the Baum‐Welch algorithm,” IEEE Information Theory Society Newsletter, Vol. 53, No. 4, 2003.

148 148 S. Pasricha, V. Ugave, C.W. Anderson, and Q. Han, “LearnLoc: A framework for smart indoor localization with embedded mobile devices,” in Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis, IEEE Press, pp. 37–44, October 2015.

149 149 A. Martin, C. Ionut, and C. Romit, “SurroundSense: Mobile phone localization via ambience fingerprinting,” MobiCom, 2009.

150 150 L. Bitsch, G. Jo´, S. Paul, and W. Klaus, “FootPath: Accurate map‐based indoor navigation using smartphones,” IPIN. September 2011.

151 151 A. Mittal, S. Tiku, and S. Pasricha, “Adapting convolutional neural networks for indoor localization with smart mobile devices,” ACM Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI (GLSVLSI), May 2018.

152 152 R. Faragher, C. Sarno, and M. Newman, “Opportunistic radio slam for indoor navigation using smartphone sensors,” in Position Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS), 2012 IEEE/ION, April 2012, pp. 120–128.

153 153 B. Ferris, D. Fox, and N. Lawrence, “Wifi‐SLAM using Gaussian process latent variable models,” in Proceedings of the 20th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Ser. IJCAI’07, San Francisco, California: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., 2007, pp. 2480–2485.

154 154 P. Mirowski, T.K. Ho, S. Yi, and M. MacDonald, “SignalSLAM: Simultaneous localization and mapping with mixed WiFi, Bluetooth, LTE and magnetic signals,” in Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN), 2013 International Conference on, IEEE, October 2013, pp. 1–10.

155 155 G. Grisetti, R. Kummerle, C. Stachniss, and W. Burgard, “A tutorial on graph‐based SLAM,” IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine, Vol. 2, No. 4, 2010.

156 156 P. Lazik, N. Rajagopal, O. Shih, B. Sinopoli, and A. Rowe, “Alps: A Bluetooth and ultrasound platform for mapping and localization,” In Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, ACM, November 2015, pp. 73–84.

157 157 C. Brignone, T. Connors, G. Lyon, and S. Pradhan, “SmartLOCUS: An autonomous, self‐assembling sensor network for indoor asset and systems management,” Mobile Media Syst. Lab., HP Laboratories, Palo Alto, California, Tech. Rep, 41, 2003.

158 158 A. Smith, H. Balakrishnan, M. Goraczko, and N. Priyantha, “Tracking moving devices with the cricket location system,” Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX/ACM MOBISYS Conference, Boston, MA, June 2004.

159 159 Radianse, Inc. Radianse Indoor Positioning. http://www.radianse.com

160 160 Versus Technology, http://www.versustech.com

161 161 EIRIS System, http://www.elcomel.com.ar/english/eiris.htm

162 162 S. Sen, D. Kim, S. Laroche, K.H. Kim, and J. Lee, “Bringing CUPID indoor positioning system to practice,” in Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web, ACM, May 2015, pp. 938–948.

163 163 Q. Xu, R. Zheng, and S. Hranilovic, “Idyll: Indoor localization using inertial and light sensors on smartphones,” in Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing ACM2015, September 2015, pp. 307–318.

164 164 T. Liu, M. Carlberg, G. Chen, J. Chen, J. Kua, and A. Zakhor, “Indoor localization and visualization using a human‐operated backpack system,” Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN), September 15–17, 2010 Campus Science City, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, 2010, pp. 890–899.

165 165 D. Lymberopoulos, J. Liu, X. Yang, R.R. Choudhury, S. Sen, and V. Handziski, “Microsoft indoor localization competition: Experiences and lessons learned,” GetMobile: Mobile Computing and Communications, 18(4), pp. 24–31, 2015.

166 166 M. Romanovas, V. Goridko, A. Al‐Jawad, M. Schwaab, L. Klingbeil, M. Traechtler, and Y. Manoli, “A study on indoor pedestrian localization algorithms with foot‐mounted sensors,” International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation, 2012.

167 167 B. Donohoo, C. Ohlsen, and S. Pasricha, “A middleware framework for application‐aware and user‐specific energy optimization in smart mobile devices,” Journal of Pervasive and Mobile Computing, Vol. 20, pp. 47–63, July 2015.

168 168 B. Donohoo, C. Ohlsen, S. Pasricha, C. Anderson, and Y. Xiang, “Context‐aware energy enhancements for smart mobile devices,” IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (TMC), Vol. 13, No. 8, August 2014, pp. 1720–1732.

169 169 B. Donohoo, C. Ohlsen, S. Pasricha, and C. Anderson, “Exploiting spatiotemporal and device contexts for energy‐efficient mobile embedded systems,” IEEE/ACM Design Automation Conference (DAC 2012), July 2012.

170 170 B. Donohoo, C. Ohlsen, and S. Pasricha, “AURA: An application and user interaction aware middleware framework for energy optimization in mobile devices,” IEEE International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD 2011), October 2011.

171 171 S. Tiku and S. Pasricha, “PortLoc: A portable data‐driven indoor localization framework for smartphones,” IEEE Design and Test, 2019.

172 172 S. Tiku, S. Pasricha, B. Notaros, and Q. Han, “SHERPA: A lightweight smartphone heterogeneity resilient portable indoor localization framework,” IEEE International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems (ICESS), Las Vegas, Nevada, June 2019.

173 173 L. Wirola, T. Laine, and J. Syrjärinne, “Mass market considerations for indoor positioning and navigation,” Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN), September 15–17, 2010 Campus Science City, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, 2010.

174 174 O. Schneider, “Requirements for positioning and navigation in underground constructions,” Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN), September 15–17, 2010 Campus Science City, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, 2010.

175 175 J. Rantakokko, P. Händel, M. Fredholm, and F. Marsten‐Eklöf, “User requirements for localization and tracking technology: A survey of mission‐specific needs and constraints,” Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN), September 15–17, 2010 Campus Science City, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, 2010.