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1  Cover

2  Title Page

3  Copyright Page

4  Dedication Page

5  Acknowledgements

6  A Note on the Presentation and Editing of Texts

7  General Introduction Art and the issue of ‘globalization’ The Art in Theory project Issues of selection and organization The question of where to begin The contemporary situation

8  Part I: Encountering the World IA Figures of Wealth and Power IA1 Robert of Clari (fl c.1200–16) from The Conquest of Constantinople IA2 Giovanni di Pian de Carpini (‘John of Carpini’) (c.1185–1252) from his Journey to the Court of Kuyuk Khan IA3 Marco Polo (1254–1324) from The Travels IA4 ‘Sir John Mandeville’ (fl c.1350–60) from his Travels IA5 Various authors on artistic and cultural relations between Italian city states and the Ottoman and Mamluk empires during the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries IA5(i) Sigismondo Malatesta of Rimini (1417–68) Letter of introduction for Matteo de’ Pasti to Mehmed II IA5(ii) Marin Sanudo (1466–1536) from his diary for 1 August 1479 IA5(iii) Mehmed II (1432–81) to the Venetian Senate IA5(iv) The Venetian Senate Letter to Mehmed II IA5(v) Luca Landucci (c.1436–1516) from his Florentine diary IA5(vi) Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) from a letter to Sultan Bayezid II IA5(vii) Tommaso di Tolfo from a letter to Michelangelo IA6 Giovanni da Empoli (1483–1518) On India, Ceylon and the Spice Islands IA7 João de Castro (1500–48) from Roteiro de Goa até Dio IA8 Simão de Melo (d. 1570) from an inventory of his goods IA9 Johann Huyghen van Linschoten (1563–1611) On Indian religious art IA10 Duarte de Sande (1547–99) from ‘An Excellent Treatise of the Kingdom of China’ IA11 Matteo Ricci (1552–1610) from his journal IA12 Jean‐Baptiste Tavernier (1605–89) On the Peacock Throne IB Across the Ocean Sea IB1 Christopher Columbus (1451–1506) Two texts from his first voyage to America IB2 Amerigo Vespucci (1451–1512) Letter to Lorenzo Pietro Franco de Medici IB3 Hernán Cortés (1485–1547) Two letters from Mexico IB4 Bartolomé de Las Casas (1474–1566) from Apologetic History of the Indies IB5 Toribio de Benavente (‘Motolinía’) (1482–1568) from History of the Indians of New Spain IB6 First Provincial Council in Lima (1551–2) On the destruction of Indian sacred sites IB7 Jean de Léry (1534–1613) from History of a Voyage to the Land of Brazil IB8 Thomas Harriot (1560–1621) from A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia IB9 Bernardo de Balbuena (c.1561/68–1627) from Grandeza Mexicana IB10 Juan Rodríguez Freile (1566–c.1640) On the legend of El Dorado IB11 John Lok (c.1533–c.1615) A Voyage to Guinea in the year 1554 IB12 Olfert Dapper (1636–89) On the city of Benin IB13 William Dampier (1652–1715) The first encounter with indigenous Australian people IC Scholarly Responses IC1 Anon. from the Inventory of the Palazzo Medici IC2 Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528) from his diary of his journey to the Netherlands IC3 Thomas Platter (1574–1628) On Mr Cope’s cabinet of curiosities IC4 Michel de Montaigne (1533–92) ‘On the Cannibals’ IC5 Christopher Marlowe (1564–93) from Tamburlaine the Great IC6 Francis Bacon (1561–1626) ‘Of Plantations’ IC7 Francis Bacon (1561–1626) from New Atlantis IC8 Martin de Charmois (1609–61), from his Petition to the King and to the Lords of his Council IC9 Dorothy Osborne (1627–95) from letters to Sir William Temple IC10 Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) ‘Of the Naturall Condition of Mankind’ IC11 John Tradescant (1608–62) from the Museum Tradescantianum, or A Collection of Rarities IC12 John Dryden (1631–1700) on the ‘Noble Savage’ IC13 Aphra Behn (c.1640–89) from Oroonoko, or The Royal Slave IC14 Charles Perrault (1628–1703) from Parallel of the Ancients and Moderns IC15 William Temple (1628–99) On the distinctiveness of Chinese gardens IC16 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716) from ‘Preface’ to Novissima Sinica IC17 John Locke (1632–1704) ‘Of Property’, from Two Treatises of Government

9  Part II: Enlightenment and Expansion IIA The Orient in Fact and Fancy IIA1 Antoine Galland (1646–1715) Preface to d’Herbelot’s Bibliothèque Orientale IIA2 Anon. from The Arabian Nights Entertainments IIA3 Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (1689–1762) Letters from the Turkish Empire IIA4 Charles‐Louis de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu (1689–1755) from Persian Letters IIA5 Joseph Addison (1672–1719) from ‘The Pleasures of the Imagination’ IIA6 John Shebbeare (1709–88) ‘The taste of England at present …’ IIA7 Oliver Goldsmith (c.1728–74) from The Citizen of the World IIA8 Sir William Chambers (1723–96) from A Dissertation on Oriental Gardening IIA9 Sir William Jones (1746–94) from his Discourses to the Asiatick Society of Bengal IIA10 William Beckford of Fonthill (1760–1844) from Vathek IIA11 Sir George Staunton (1737–1801) from his account of the Macartney embassy to China IIB Curiosities and Colonies IIBI Hans Sloane (1660–1753) from The Natural History of Jamaica IIB2 Jonathan Swift (1667–1745) from Gulliver’s Travels IIB3 Louis Antoine de Bougainville (1729–1811) On Tahiti IIB4 A selection of texts from the Cook voyages to the Pacific 1768–80 IIB4(i) Joseph Banks On two figures and a Marae, or temple precinct, in Tahiti, June 1769 IIB4(ii) James Cook Two accounts of the practice of tattooing IIB4(iii) James Cook On the people of Australia, April to August 1770 IIB4(iv) William Wales An account of music and dancing in Tahiti, 1773 IIB4(v) George Forster An account of artefacts at Tonga, October 1773 IIB4(vi) George Forster On the stone statues and wood carvings of Easter Island, March 1774 IIB5 Ignatius Sancho (1729–80) and Laurence Sterne (1713–68) An exchange of letters IIB6 Manuel Amat y Junyent, Viceroy of Peru (1707–82) Letter on ‘Casta’ paintings IIB7 Ignatius Sancho (1729–80) Letter to Jack Wingrave IIB8 William Hodges (1744–97) from Travels in India IIB9 Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) from Notes on the State of Virginia IIB10 Olaudah Equiano (c.1745/50–97) On the Middle Passage IIB11 William Beckford of Somerley (1744–99) from A Descriptive Account of the Island of Jamaica IIB12 Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802) On revolution, slavery and the Wedgwood medallion IIC Changing Ideas and Values IIC1 David Hume (1711–76) from ‘Of National Characters’ IIC2 Jean‐Jacques Rousseau (1712–78) from ‘A Discourse on the Moral Effects of the Arts and Sciences’ IIC3 Comte de Caylus (1692–1765) from A Collection of the Antiquities of Egypt IIC4 Voltaire (François‐Marie Arouet; 1694–1778) from Essay on the Manners and Spirit of Nations IIC5 Voltaire (François‐Marie Arouet; 1694–1778) from ‘Essay on Taste’ IIC6 Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) from Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and the Sublime IIC7 Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717–68) from The History of Ancient Art IIC8 John Millar (1735–1801) Notes on the ‘Four Stages’ theory of human development IIC9 Denis Diderot (1713–84) ‘Supplement to the Voyage of Bougainville’ IIC10 Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803) from A Monument to Johann Winckelmann IIC11 Samuel Johnson (1709–84) On the state of nature IIC12 Antoine Quatremère de Quincy (1755–1849) from Egyptian Architecture IIC13 Joshua Reynolds (1723–92) from his Discourses 1776 and 1786 IIC14 Edward Gibbon (1737–94) Reflections on civilization and barbarism

10  Part III: Revolution, Romanticism, Reaction IIIA History IIIA1 Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803) from Outlines of a Philosophy of the History of Man IIIA2 Charles Bell (1774–1842) from Essays on the Anatomy of Expression in Painting IIIA3 Friedrich Schlegel (1772–1829) ‘On the Language and Philosophy of the Indians’ IIIA4 Joseph Fourier (1768–1830) from ‘Historical Preface’ to the Description of Egypt IIIA5 Edward Moor (1771–1848) from The Hindu Pantheon IIIA6 Richard Payne Knight (1751–1824) from An Inquiry into the Symbolical Language of Ancient Art and Mythology IIIA7 John Flaxman (1755–1826) ‘Style’ IIIA8 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831) from Aesthetics: Lectures on Fine Art IIIA9 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831) from Lectures on the Philosophy of World History IIIA10 John L. Stephens (1805–52) from Incidents of Travel in Yucatan IIIA11 Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860) ‘On Human Nature’ IIIA12 Gottfried Semper (1803–79) from The Four Elements of Architecture IIIB Visions of the Exotic IIIB1 Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772–1834) ‘Kubla Khan’ IIIB2 Maria Edgeworth (1768–1849) from The Absentee IIIB3 George Gordon, Lord Byron (1788–1824) from The Giaour IIIB4 Thomas De Quincey (1785–1859) from Confessions of an English Opium‐Eater IIIB5 Johann Wolfgang Goethe (1749–1832) from the West–Eastern Divan IIIB6 Giacomo Leopardi (1797–1837) from Zibaldone IIIB7 Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809–92) from ‘Timbuctoo’ IIIB8 Eugène Delacroix (1798–1863) Letters and notes on his journey to North Africa IIIB9 George Catlin (1796–1872) ‘Letter from the Mouth of the Yellowstone River’ IIIB10 John Constable (1776–1837) from ‘Discourses’ IIIB11 David Roberts (1796–1864) from his travels to Egypt and the Middle East IIIB12 Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (1780–1867) Notes on the Turkish baths IIIC Missionaries, Managers and Resistance IIIC1 Thomas Paine (1737–1809) from Rights of Man IIIC2 William Blake (1757–1827) from America, a Prophecy IIIC3 Mirza Abu Talib (or Taleb) Khan (1752–1805) from his Travels IIIC4 Lady Maria Nugent (1771–1834) from her journal IIIC5 William Wordsworth (1770–1850) To Toussaint L’Ouverture IIIC6 James Mill (1773–1836) from The History of British India IIIC7 Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822) ‘Ozymandias’ IIIC8 Henry Salt (1780–1827) and Joseph Banks (1743–1820) Two letters IIIC9 John Davy (1790–1868) from An Account of the Interior of Ceylon IIIC10 William Ellis (1794–1872) from Polynesian Researches IIIC11 Ram Raz (1790–1833) from Essay on the Architecture of the Hindús IIIC12 Thomas Babington Macaulay, Lord Macaulay (1800–59) Minute on Indian Education IIIC13 James Mallord William Turner (1775–1851), William Makepeace Thackeray (1811–63) and John Ruskin (1819–1900) Three texts relating to J. M. W. Turner’s Slave Ship

11  Part IV: Modernity and Empire IVA Enduring Fictions and Transformed Spaces IVA1 Théophile Gautier (1811–72) from ‘Art in 1848’ IVA2 Théophile Gautier (1811–72) On Gérôme and artistic Orientalism IVA3 Théophile Thoré, writing as William Bürger (1807–69), from ‘New Tendencies in Art’ IVA4 Edmond and Jules de Goncourt (1822–96 and 1830–70 respectively) on Japanese art IVA5 Various authors on Japanese art and the ‘painting of modern life’ IVA5(i) Charles Baudelaire (1821–67) from a letter to Arsène Houssaye, 1861 IVA5(ii) Émile Zola (1840–1902) On Manet IVA5(iii) Edmond Duranty (1833–80) On ‘the new painting’ IVA5(iv) Stéphane Mallarmé (1842–98) from ‘The Impressionists and Edouard Manet’ IVA5(v) Théodore Duret (1838–1927) On Japan IVA5(vi) Félix Fénéon (1861–1944) from ‘The Impressionists in 1886’ IVA5(vii) Vincent Van Gogh On Japan IVA6 Philippe Burty (1830–90) ‘Ancient Japan and Modern Japan’ IVA7 Joris‐Karl Huysmans (1848–1907) from A Rebours IVA8 Pierre Loti (1850–1923) from The Marriage of Loti IVA9 A cluster of texts on Gauguin and Oceania IVA9(i) Paul Gauguin (1848–1903) from three letters written before leaving for Polynesia IVA9(ii) Paul Gauguin from Noa Noa IVA9(iii) Auguste Strindberg (1849–1912) and Paul Gauguin from an exchange of letters 1895 IVA9(iv) Paul Gauguin from Avant et après, Atuona, Hiva‐Oa IVA10 Hermann Bahr (1863–1934) Review of the Japanese exhibition at the sixth exhibition of the Vienna Secession IVB Society, Evolution and the Idea of ‘Race’ IVB1 Robert Knox (1793–1862) from The Races of Men IVB2 Joseph‐Arthur, Comte de Gobineau (1816–82) from The Inequality of Human Races IVB3 Solomon Northup (1808–c.1863) from Twelve Years a Slave IVB4 John Ruskin (1819–1900) from The Two Paths IVB5 Ernest Renan (1823–92) from ‘The Position of the Shemitic Nations in the History of Civilization’ IVB6 Karl Marx (1818–83) and Friedrich Engels (1820–95) On the emergence of the world system IVB7 Karl Marx (1818–83) On the ‘Asiatic mode of production’ and modern capitalism IVB8 The First International address to the people of the United States of America IVB9 Edmond de Goncourt (1822–96) from the Goncourt Journal IVB10 Charles Darwin (1809–82) from The Descent of Man IVB11 Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900) ‘Signs of Higher and Lower Culture’ IVB12 Encyclopaedia Britannica Ninth edition: ‘Negro’ IVB13 W. T. Stead (1849–1912) ‘To All English‐speaking Folk’ IVB14 R. H. Bacon (1867–1947) from Benin: The City of Blood IVB15 Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936) ‘The White Man’s Burden’ IVC Anthropology, Museums and the Origins of Art IVC1 Owen Jones (1809–74) from The Grammar of Ornament IVC2 Edward Tylor (1832–1917) from Primitive Culture IVC3 Augustus Lane‐Fox Pitt‐Rivers (1827–1900) ‘Principles of Classification’ IVC4 J. G. Frazer (1854–1941) from The Golden Bough IVC5 Ernst Grosse (1862–1927) ‘Ethnology and Aesthetics’ IVC6 Henry Balfour (1863–1939) from The Evolution of Decorative Art IVC7 Alfred Haddon (1855–1940), from Evolution in Art IVC8 Alois Riegl (1858–1905) from Problems of Style IVC9 Alois Riegl (1858–1905) ‘The Place of the Vapheio Cups in the History of Art’ IVC10 George Birdwood (1832–1917) ‘Conventionalism in Primitive Art’ IVD The World in View IVD1 Gérard de Nerval (1808–55) from Scenes of Life in the Orient IVD2 Gustave Flaubert (1821–80) On the pyramids IVD3 Hiram Bingham (1789–1869) from A Residence of Twenty‐One Years in the Sandwich Islands IVD4 Sir Colin Campbell (1776–1847) Letter to Lord Stanley IVD5 Andrew Nicoll (1804–86) ‘A Sketching Tour of Five Weeks in the Forests of Ceylon’ IVD6 Robert Fortune (1812–80) from A Residence Among the Chinese IVD7 James Fergusson (1808–86) from History of Indian Architecture IVD8 Rajendralal Mitra (1824–91) from Indo‐Aryans IVD9 Robert Louis Stevenson (1850–94) On the South Seas IVD10 C. H. Read (1857–1929) and O. M. Dalton (1866–1945) ‘Works of Art from Benin City’ IVD11 Henry Ling Roth (1855–1925) ‘Primitive Art from Benin’ IVD12 Mary Kingsley (1862–1900) from West African Studies

12  Part V: The Significance of the ‘Primitive’ VA Authenticity, Form and Feeling VA1 A cluster of short texts on the initial encounter of the European avant‐garde with African art in 1906–7 VA1(i) André Derain (1880–1954) Letter to Maurice de Vlaminck, March 1906 VA1(ii) Maurice de Vlaminck (1876–1958) On his ‘discovery’ of African art in 1906 VA1(iii) Henri Matisse (1869–1954) On his encounter with African art in 1906 VA1(iv) Pablo Picasso (1881–1973) On his visit to the Trocadero museum in 1907 VA2 Wilhelm Worringer (1881–1965) from Abstraction and Empathy VA3 Roger Fry (1866–1934) ‘The Art of the Bushmen’ VA4 Guillaume Apollinaire (1880–1918) ‘Exoticism and Ethnography’ VA5 Franz Marc (1880–1916) Letter to August Macke VA6 Franz Marc (1880–1916) ‘The Savages of Germany’ VA7 August Macke (1887–1914) ‘Masks’ VA8 Emil Nolde (1867–1956) ‘On Primitive Art’ VA9 Alexander Shevchenko (1888–1948) ‘Neo‐Primitivism’ VA10 Henri Matisse (1869–1954) On his visits to North Africa VA11 Paul Klee (1879–1940) On his visit to Tunisia VA12 Hermann Bahr (1863–1934) from Expressionism VB The Reach of Empire VB1 James A. Hobson (1858–1940) from Imperialism VB2 Charles Augustus Stoddard (1833–1920) from Cruising Among the Caribbees VB3 Edward Wilmot Blyden (1832–1912) ‘West Africa Before Europe’ VB4 Kakuso Okakura (1862–1913) from The Ideals of the East VB5 Sister Nivedita (1867–1911) ‘Introduction’ to Okakura’sThe Ideals of the East VB6 W. E. B. Du Bois (1868–1963) from The Souls of Black Folk VB7 From the Harmsworth History of the World On the ‘degeneration’ of indigenous Australians VB8 Ananda Coomaraswamy (1877–1947) ‘The Aims of Indian Art’ VB9 E. B. Havell (1861–1934) ‘The New Indian School of Painting’ VB10 Lucien Lévy‐Bruhl (1857–1939) from How Natives Think VB11 Leo Frobenius (1873–1938) from The Voice of Africa VB12 Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) from Totem and Taboo

13  Part VI: In a World of Colonies VIA Modern, Primitive, Universal VIA1 Guillaume Apollinaire (1880–1918) ‘On the Art of the Blacks’ VIA2 Guillaume Apollinaire (1880–1918) On African and Oceanic sculptures VIA3 Roger Fry (1866–1934) ‘Negro Sculpture’ VIA4 Florent Fels (1891–1977) et al. ‘Opinions on Negro Art’ VIA5 Herbert Read (1893–1968) from Art Now VIA6 James Johnson Sweeney (1900–86) ‘The Art of Negro Africa’ VIA7 Alain Locke (1886–1954) ‘African Art: Classic Style’ VIA8 Robert Goldwater (1907–73) ‘A Definition of Primitivism’ VIA9 Margaret Preston (1875–1963) ‘Paintings in Arnhem Land’ VIA10 Henry Moore (1898–1986) ‘Primitive Art’ VIA11 A cluster of short texts by American painters of the 1940s on primitive art and myth VIA11(i) Adolph Gottlieb (1903–74) and Mark Rothko (1903–70) Statement VIA11(ii) Adolph Gottlieb (1903–74) and Mark Rothko (1903–70) from ‘The Portrait and the Modern Artist’ VIA11(iii) Jackson Pollock (1912–56) Answers to a questionnaire VIA11(iv) Barnett Newman (1905–70) ‘Pre‐Columbian Stone Sculpture’ VIA11(v) Barnett Newman (1905–70) ‘Art of the South Seas’ VIA11(vi) Barnett Newman (1905–70) ‘Northwest Coast Indian Painting’ VIA11(vii) Jackson Pollock (1912–56) Statement VIA11(viii) Mark Rothko (1903–70) from ‘The Romantics were prompted …’ VIB Western CivilizationFor and Against VIB1 Rosa Luxemburg (1871–1919) from The Accumulation of Capital – an Anti‐Critique VIB2 Hermann Hesse (1877–1962) ‘The European’ VIB3 Ezra Pound (1885–1972) from Hugh Selwyn Mauberley VIB4 Oswald Spengler (1880–1936) from The Decline of the West VIB5 Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941) from Creative Unity VIB6 The Third International, ‘The Black Question’ VIB7 W. E. B. Du Bois (1868–1963) ‘Criteria of Negro Art’ VIB8 Franz Boas (1858–1942) from Primitive Art VIB9 Alain Locke (1886–1954) ‘Art or Propaganda’ VIB10 Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) from Civilization and Its Discontents VIB11 Alfred Rosenberg (1893–1946) from The Myth of the Twentieth Century VIB12 Leo Frobenius (1873–1938), ‘Reflections on African Art’ VIB13 Walter Benjamin (1892–1940) ‘Experience and Poverty’ VIB14 Narranyeri (attributed to David Unaipon 1875–1967) ‘A Blackfellow’s Appeal to White Australia’ VIB15 Edmund Husserl (1859–1938) from ‘The Vienna Lecture’ VIB16 Julius Lips (1895–1950) from The Savage Hits Back VIB17 Fernando Ortiz (1881–1969) ‘The Social Phenomenon of “Transculturation”’ VIB18 Eric Williams (1911–81) from Capitalism and Slavery VIC The Challenge of theAvant‐Garde VIC1 Voldemārs Matvejas/‘Vladimir Markov’ (1877–1914) ‘Negro Art’ VIC2 Carl Einstein (1885–1940) from Negerplastik VIC3 Tristan Tzara (1896–1963) ‘Chanson du serpent’/‘Song of the Snake’ VIC4 Oswald de Andrade (1890–1954) ‘Cannibalist Manifesto’ VIC5 Sergei Eisenstein (1898–1948) ‘The Cinematographic Principle and the Ideogram’ VIC6 Len Lye (1901–80) Two letters VIC7 The Surrealist group in Paris ‘Don’t Visit the Colonial Exhibition’ VIC8 The Surrealist group at the Sorbonne from Legitimate Defence VIC9 The Surrealist group in Paris ‘Murderous Humanitarianism’ VIC10 Michel Leiris (1901–90) from L’Afrique fantôme/Phantom Africa VIC11 Antonin Artaud (1896–1948) ‘What I Came to Mexico to Do’ VIC12 Josef Albers (1888–1976) ‘Truthfulness in Art’ VIC13 Art et Liberté group, Cairo ‘Long Live Degenerate Art’ VIC14 Aimé Césaire (1913–2008) from Notebook of a Return to the Native Land VIC15 Claude Lévi‐Strauss (1908–2009) ‘The Art of the Northwest Coast’ VIC16 Pierre Mabille (1904–52) ‘The Jungle’

14  Part VII: Independence and thePost‐colonial VIIA Resituating Theory and Politics VIIA1 Jean‐Paul Sartre (1905–80) from Black Orpheus VIIA2 Aimé Césaire (1913–2008) from Discourse on Colonialism VIIA3 Claude Lévi‐Strauss (1908–2009) from Tristes Tropiques VIIA4 Roland Barthes (1915–80) ‘African Grammar’ VIIA5 Frantz Fanon (1925–61) from ‘On National Culture’ VIIA6 George Kubler (1912–96) from The Shape of Time VIIA7 Michel Foucault (1926–84) from The Order of Things VIIA8 Edward Said (1935–2003) from Orientalism VIIA9 Gilles Deleuze (1925–95) and Félix Guattari (1930–92) from Mille plateaux VIIA10 Johannes Fabian (b. 1937) from Time and the Other VIIB Exhibitions, Museums and Histories Reimagined VIIB1 André Malraux (1901–76) from ‘Museum Without Walls’ VIIB2 Aimé Césaire (1913–2008) On the institution of the museum VIIB3 Carl Sandburg (1878–1967) and Edward Steichen (1879–1973) from The Family of Man VIIB4 Roland Barthes (1915–80) ‘The Great Family of Man’ VIIB5 Georges Bataille (1892–1962) ‘The Cradle of Humanity’ VIIB6 Léopold Sédar Senghor (1906–2001) from the First World Festival of Black Arts VIIB7 Robert Farris Thompson (b. 1932) ‘Yoruba Artistic Criticism’ VIIB8 Ian Burn (1939–93) ‘Art is what we do, culture is what we do to other artists’ VIIB9 Linda Nochlin (1931–2017) from ‘The Imaginary Orient’ VIIB10 Luis Camnitzer (b. 1937) ‘Report from Havana: The First Biennial of Latin American Art’ VIIB11 William Rubin (1927–2006) from ‘Primitivism’ in 20^thCentury Art VIIB12 James Clifford (b. 1945) ‘Histories of the Tribal and the Modern’ VIIB13 Martin Bernal (1937–2013) from Black Athena VIIC Beyond Modernism VIIC1 David A. Siqueiros (1896–1974) ‘Towards a New Integral Art’ VIIC2 Kazuo Shiraga (1924–2008) ‘The Shaping of the Individual’ VIIC3 Ad Reinhardt (1913–67) ‘Timeless in Asia’ VIIC4 George Maciunas (1931–78) Fluxus Manifesto VIIC5 Anni Albers (1899–1994) ‘Tapestry’ VIIC6 Hélio Oiticica (1937–80) from ‘General Scheme of the New Objectivity’ and ‘Tropicália’ VIIC7 María Teresa Gramuglio (b. 1939) and Nicolás Rosa (1938–2006) Tucumán Burns VIIC8 Marshall McLuhan (1911–80) and Quentin Fiore (1920–2019) from War and Peace in the Global Village VIIC9 Robert Smithson (1938–73) ‘Incidents of Mirror‐Travel in the Yucatan’ VIIC10 Nam June Paik (1932–2006) ‘Global Groove and the Video Common Market’ VIIC11 Joseph Beuys (1921–86) ‘Manifesto on the Foundation of a “Free International School for Creativity and Interdisciplinary Research”’ VIIC12 Terry Smith (b. 1944) ‘The Provincialism Problem’ VIIC13 Robert Morris (1931–2018) ‘Aligned with Nazca’ VIIC14 Lothar Baumgarten (1944–2018) from ‘Conquering the Southern Continent in the Haze of a Sixpenny Cigar’ VIIC15 Alfredo Jaar (b. 1956) Statement VIID Asserting Identity VIID1 F. N. Souza (1924–2002) ‘Nirvana of a Maggot’ VIID2 James Baldwin (1927–87) ‘Princes and Powers’ VIID3 Uche Okeke (1933–2016) ‘Growth of an Idea’ and ‘Natural Synthesis’ VIID4 Aubrey Williams (1926–90) ‘The Predicament Of The Artist In The Caribbean’ VIID5 Larry Neal (1937–81) from ‘The Black Arts Movement’ VIID6 Frank Bowling (b. 1934) ‘It’s Not Enough to Say Black Is Beautiful’ VIID7 Faith Ringgold (b. 1930) Interview on For The Women’s House VIID8 Papa Ibra Tall (1935–2015) ‘Negritude and Contemporary Plastic Art’ VIID9 Edward ‘Kamau’ Brathwaite (1930–2020) from Contradictory Omens VIID10 Rasheed Araeen (b. 1935) ‘Preliminary Notes for a Black Manifesto’ VIID11 Ana Mendieta (1948–85) ‘Introduction’ to Dialectics of Isolation VIID12 Isaac Julien (b. 1960) and Kobena Mercer (b. 1960) ‘De Margin and De Centre’

15  Part VIII: The Global Turn VIIIA Critical Revisions VIIIA1 Rasheed Araeen (b. 1935) ‘Why Third Text?’ VIIIA2 Peter Wollen (b. 1938) ‘Tourism, Language and Art’ VIIIA3 Homi K. Bhabha (b. 1949) ‘The Postcolonial and the Postmodern’ VIIIA4 Arjun Appadurai (b. 1949) from Modernity at Large VIIIA5 Michael Hardt (b. 1960) and Antonio Negri (b. 1933) from Empire VIIIA6 Irit Rogoff (b. 1963) On visual culture VIIIA7 Richard Bell (b. 1953) ‘Bell’s Theorem: Aboriginal Art – It’s a White Thing’ VIIIA8 Dipesh Chakrabarty (b. 1948) from Provincializing Europe VIIIA9 Immanuel Wallerstein (b. 1930) from World‐Systems Analysis VIIIA10 James Elkins (b. 1955) from Is Art History Global? VIIIA11 Partha Mitter (b. 1938) ‘Decentering Modernism’ VIIIA12 Fredric Jameson (b. 1934) from A Singular Modernity VIIIA13 Aruna D’Souza Introduction to Art History in the Wake of the Global Turn VIIIA14 Peter Weibel (b. 1944) ‘Modernity Reset: Renaissance 2.0’ VIIIB Diversity, Translation, Creolization and Identity VIIIB1 Stuart Hall (1932–2014) ‘New Ethnicities’ VIIIB2 Édouard Glissant (1928–2011) ‘Creolisation and the Americas’ VIIIB3 Sonia Boyce and Manthia Diawara (b. 1962 and 1953 respectively) ‘The Art of Identity: A Conversation’ VIIIB4 Paul Gilroy (b. 1956) from The Black Atlantic VIIIB5 Coco Fusco and Guillermo Gómez‐Peña (b. 1960 and 1955 respectively) Interview with Anna Johnson VIIIB6 Sarat Maharaj (b. 1951) ‘Perfidious Fidelity; the Untranslatability of the Other’ VIIIB7 Gordon Bennett (1955–2014) Letter to Jean‐Michel Basquiat VIIIB8 Antonio Benítez‐Rojo (1931–2005) ‘Three Words toward Creolization’ VIIIB9 Edward Said (1935–2003) ‘The Art of Displacement’ VIIIB10 Fred Wilson (b. 1954) and Kwame Anthony Appiah (b. 1954) ‘Fragments of a Conversation’ VIIIB11 Homi K. Bhabha (b. 1949) ‘Another Country’ VIIIB12 Yinka Shonibare (b. 1962) Interview with Bernard Müller VIIIB13 Fiona Tan (b. 1966) ‘Other Facets of the Same Globe’ VIIIB14 Lubaina Himid (b. 1954) ‘We are Us not Other’ VIIIB15 Kara Walker (b. 1969) ‘A Sonorous Subtlety’: an interview with Kara Rooney VIIIB16 Fred Moten (b. 1962) On the art of Chris Ofili, from ‘Blue Vespers’ VIIIC Global Art and the Museum VIIIC1 Jean‐Hubert Martin (b. 1944) Preface to Magiciens de la terre VIIIC2 Rasheed Araeen (b. 1935) from The Other Story VIIIC3 Llilian Llanes Godoy (b. 1947) ‘Introduction’ to the Third Havana Biennial VIIIC4 Luis Camnitzer (b. 1937), Jane Farver (1947–2015) and Rachel Weiss ‘Foreword’ to Global Conceptualism VIIIC5 Salah M. Hassan (b. 1964) and Olu Oguibe (b. 1964) from Authentic/Ex‐Centric VIIIC6 Okwui Enwezor (1963–2019) ‘The Black Box’ THE POSTCOLONIAL AFTERMATH OF GLOBALIZATION AND THE TERRIBLE NEARNESS OF DISTANT PLACES VIIIC7 Artforum Roundtable discussion on ‘Global Tendencies’ VIIIC8 Kwame Anthony Appiah (b. 1954) ‘Whose Culture Is It Anyway?’ VIIIC9 Chin‐Tao Wu ‘Biennials Without Borders?’ VIIIC10 Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (b. 1942) ‘Sign and Trace’ VIIIC11 Hans Belting (b. 1935) and Andrea Buddensieg ‘From Art World to Art Worlds’ VIIIC12 Clémentine Deliss (b. 1960) ‘Stored Code’ and ‘Foreign Exchange’ VIIID Concerning the Contemporary VIIID1 Geeta Kapur (b. 1943) ‘Contemporary Cultural Practice: Some Polemical Categories’ VIIID2 Slavoj Žižek (b. 1949) ‘Multiculturalism, or, the Cultural Logic of Multinational Capitalism’ VIIID3 Nicolas Bourriaud (b. 1965) from Relational Aesthetics VIIID4 William Kentridge (b. 1955) Interview with Dan Cameron VIIID5 Grant Kester ‘A Critical Framework for Dialogical Practice’ VIIID6 Terry Smith (b. 1944) from What Is Contemporary Art? VIIID7 Hal Foster, Miwon Kwon, Chika Okeke‐Agulu, Alexander Alberro, Christopher P. Heuer, Matthew Jesse Jackson and Andrew Perchuk, Responses to a questionnaire on ‘The Contemporary’ VIIID8 Ai Weiwei (b. 1957) ‘Epilogue’ to his blog VIIID9 Francis Alÿs (b. 1959) ‘Francis Alÿs: A to Z’ VIIID10 Romuald Hazoumè (b. 1962) Cargoland VIIID11 Gerardo Mosquera (b. 1945) ‘Beyond Anthropophagy’ VIIID12 Xu Bing (b. 1955) ‘On Holding a Retrospective’ VIIID13 Doris Salcedo (b. 1958) ‘A Work in Mourning’ VIIID14 Hito Steyerl (b. 1966) ‘If You Don’t Have Bread, Eat Art!’ VIIID15 Art & Language (Michael Baldwin b. 1945, Mel Ramsden b. 1944) from Flags for Organisations

16  Bibliography

17  Copyright Acknowledgements

18  Index

19  End User License Agreement