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2.6 Polymer Composites

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In a polymer composite, either the constituent matrix material or the fiber is a polymer. The polymer matrix composites (PMCs) compose of a polymer resin as the matrix material and fibers as the reinforcement medium [24]. The maximum service temperature depends on the matrix because it normally softens, melts, or degrades at a much lower temperature than the fiber reinforcement. The polyesters and vinyl esters are the most widely utilized and least expensive polymer resins and so are used primarily for glass fiber-reinforced composites. Different resin formulations can induce wide range of properties in these polymers. The epoxies are utilized in commercial applications and PMCs for aerospace applications because of their superior mechanical properties and resistance to moisture as compared to polyesters and vinyl resins. High-temperature thermoplastic resins such as polyetherimide (PEI), poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) can be used in future aerospace applications. PMCs are widely used in large number of applications due to their cost and facile fabrication. Polymer composites are classified according to reinforcement type (i.e., glass, carbon, and aramid) as follows:

Metal Oxide Nanocomposites

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