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Before digital media, the service-user movement maintained momentum by producing user-created printed materials, such as magazines, newsletters and books. An example of this was a Canadian survivor-led magazine called Phoenix Rising founded in 1980 (activist artwork from the magazine is shown in Figure 2.1). Asylum magazine was established in the UK in 1986 and is still active at the time of writing in 2020. With the rise of digital media, service users can now interact with fellow survivors at the click of a button. This has led to an explosion of new writings and campaigns. The different approaches taken by a diverse range of survivor groups are now instantly visible and most groups are open for anyone to engage with.

Figure 2.1 An example of activist art, by Rudy Loewe

More recently, the rise of mental health ‘zines’ as a counter-culture to academia/published knowledge has enabled more radical sections of society to express their views on issues around mental health. They are often a form of DIY press that includes politically motivated cartoons and articles. Zines have enabled a modern form of peer support by exposing the lesser-known realities of many oppressed survivors (Bedei, 2016).