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In this chapter, we have provided an overview of the uses of proxy variables when combining register and survey data. The nature of the proxy variables discussed is such that they are not subjects of data editing methods, even when they can be considered to have risen from some kind of measurement errors. The presence of proxy variables is a characteristic feature of the settings involving data from multiple sources, because in a single-source setting proxy variables can be eliminated by design. The various instances discussed in Section 1.2 demonstrate the ubiquitous presence of proxy variables in multisource statistics. Sometimes proxy variables raise challenges because the conflict between them needs to be resolved, sometimes they are a blessing – indeed statistics may be impossible without them as in the case of capture–recapture methods for population size estimation. Either way, they always represent potentially useful sources of statistical information. We believe that the appropriate conceptualization, treatment, and usage of proxy variables provide a wide-ranging perspective, which enables one to draw on insights and experiences from diverse problems. An important theme for future research is the assessment of statistical uncertainty associated with indirect estimation based on unlinked data (Table 1.1). Several methods are mentioned in Sections 1.3.2 and 1.3.3, which however do not cover all the practical situations.