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Increased respiratory effort, but talking in full sentences – mild shortness of breath (dyspnoea).

1 What is your treatment goal for this patient now? What hospital would you ideally like to transport the patient to?To successfully revert patient into normal sinus rhythm, improving cardiac output and subsequent perfusion. This can be achieved by attempting vagal manoeuvres. Should this fail, transport to hospital for further medical care is required. It would be expected that the patient be transported to a hospital with a cardiac unit/cardiology capabilities.

2 What types of questions would you ask this patient as part of your history‐taking process?See Table 2.3.

Table 2.3 History‐taking questions

Signs and symptoms: Rapid pulse, pale, clammy, increased work of breathing, complains of mild nausea, palpitations (fluttering feeling in chest) Allergies: NSAIDs Medications: Nil reported Previous medical history: Nil reported Last meal: Breakfast at 07:00 – oats Events leading up to today: Witnessed collapse while running, normal water intake

Additional questioning Does the patient remember falling? If so, what caused the fall? Can the patient retain new information? Is there retrograde amnesia? Does the patient have a cardiac history (Hx)? What is your full name and DOB? Is there any family or emergency contact you’d like us to call?