Читать книгу Complications in Equine Surgery - Группа авторов - Страница 154

Ligature loop failure can be observed intraoperatively under direct visualization or via laparoscopy. Postoperatively, incisional swelling or hemorrhage from the incision line can develop. Ultrasound and/or aspirate of the swelling are the most common diagnostics used to differentiate a hematoma from seroma or edema formation. Diagnosis of hemorrhage into a body cavity, such as pedicle ligation failure and development of a hemoperitoneum, are discussed in their respective chapters.