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LASER is an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Excitation of a contained medium (for which the laser is often named) produces coherent electromagnetic radiation, light. A coherent beam remains intact almost indefinitely instead of diverging and can be manipulated by lenses. Lasers are typically monochromatic (a single wavelength or “color”), which determines their specific tissue interaction [1].

Lasers expand surgical capabilities by facilitating minimally invasive surgery and reaching areas that would otherwise be completely inaccessible or by interacting with tissue in ways impossible with conventional instruments. Procedures previously requiring hospitalization, general anesthesia and prolonged convalescence may be accomplished in an outpatient visit. However, lasers may not be the most appropriate method for some procedures and the “fit” should not be forced. Surgical complications are minimized by a thorough understanding of anatomy, tissue response to injury, and surgical experience. Lasers add a substantial layer to each of these considerations. Mastering basic laser physics is required for safe and effective application of surgical lasers. All too commonly, surgical lasers are taken up as an experiment or “on the job” experience is used to develop technique [2].