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A virgin queen, due to weather, may be unable to take mating flights. After a few weeks, she may begin to lay eggs. Or a queen may have a problem with her internal plumbing that prevents her from fertilizing her worker eggs. In either case, the queen may lay a solid pattern of drone brood in worker cells (Figure 5.30).

Figure 5.30 A case of a young queen commencing egg laying without having mated (likely due to confinement by weather). Note that she has attracted a retinue of attendants, but that every cell contains a drone larva too large for the worker cell in which the eggs were laid. Note also that the workers have extended the cell walls, and in a few days the cells would be capped with bullet‐shaped drone cappings, rather than slightly‐domed worker cappings.

Figure 5.31 A solid brood pattern, indicating an excellent queen, and a well‐nourished, disease‐free colony.