Читать книгу Clinical Pancreatology for Practising Gastroenterologists and Surgeons - Группа авторов - Страница 4

1 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Investigative work‐up and treatment for patients with acute pancr...

2 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 CECT showing acute interstitial edematous pancreatitis with acute...Figure 3.2 CECT showing a pancreatic pseudocyst more than four weeks after a...Figure 3.3 CECT showing acute necrotizing pancreatitis with an acute necroti...Figure 3.4 CECT showing walled‐off necrosis (WON) more than four weeks after...

3 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 CT images of extrapancreatic necrosis and parenchymal pancreatic ...Figure 5.2 CT image of pancreatic pseudocyst shows a well‐encapsulated colle...Figure 5.3 Infected walled‐off necrosis: the arrow depicts the encapsulated ...

4 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 A 44‐year‐old male presents with acute onset of severe abdominal ...Figure 6.2 A 61‐year‐old male referred from an off‐site institution due to a...

5 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Step‐up management of pain in acute pancreatitis. Non‐opioids suc...

6 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Pancreatic acinar cell focused AP treatment strategies. Physiolo...Figure 12.2 Strategies modulating pancreatic secretion. Cystic fibrosis tran...Figure 12.3 Immune system/anti‐inflammatory strategies. Inflammation in AP m...

7 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 (a, b) Impacted stone at the level of the papilla.Figure 13.2 Role of endoscopic therapy in the setting of acute biliary pancr...

8 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 CT scan of a patient with walled‐off necrosis (short arrows). Pr...Figure 14.2 CT scan of a patient with infected walled‐off necrosis after pla...Figure 14.3 Step‐up approach for the management of infected pancreatic necro...

9 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 (a, b) Amplatz and dilatators used to dilate the drainage tract ...Figure 15.2 (a) Infected pancreatic necrosis by abdominal tomography. (b) Pl...Figure 15.3 Laparoscopic transperitoneal approach. (a) Location of the necro...Figure 15.4 Laparoscopic transgastric necrosectomy. (a) CT scan diagnoses a ...

10 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 CT scan of 12‐cm collection causing a degree of gastric outflow ...Figure 17.2 CT scan showing LAMS in situ.

11 Chapter 18Figure 18.1 ERCP (left) and CT (right) in a patient with acute biliary pancr...

12 Chapter 19Figure 19.1 (a) Axial formatted venous phase CT scan from a patient presenti...Figure 19.2 (a) Pseudoaneurysm (arrow) in a pancreatic pseudocyst causing in...

13 Chapter 20Figure 20.1 Approach to etiological evaluation of recurrent acute pancreatit...Figure 20.2 Risk of progression from acute pancreatitis (AP) to recurrent ac...Figure 20.3 Interventions to prevent recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) and ...

14 Chapter 21Figure 21.1 Management of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy and current ...

15 Chapter 22Figure 22.1 Rate of pancreatic abnormalities in patients with chronic asympt...Figure 22.2 Proposed diagnostic algorithm in patients with chronic asymptoma...

16 Chapter 23Figure 23.1 Progressive model of chronic pancreatitis development. This mode...

17 Chapter 25Figure 25.1 Effects of alcohol and its metabolites on the acinar cell, duct ...Figure 25.2 Smoking worsens alcoholic pancreatitis induced by alcohol and li...

18 Chapter 26Figure 26.1 Distinct scenarios when genetic association studies are conducte...

19 Chapter 27Figure 27.1 Pancreatogram in pancreas divisum (PD). (a) The pancreatogram sh...Figure 27.2 Prevalence of pancreas divisum (PD) is no greater in patients wi...

20 Chapter 28Figure 28.1 Diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis: an algorithm for clinical pra...

21 Chapter 29Figure 29.1 The different patterns of chronic pancreatitis. (a) Coronal CT o...Figure 29.2 A 58‐year‐old man with chronic calcifying pancreatitis. (a) CT v...Figure 29.3 Abdominal CT with dual‐energy source (80 and 140 kV) in a 46‐yea...Figure 29.4 Perfusion CT of the healthy pancreas of a 53‐year‐old patient. (...

22 Chapter 30Figure 30.1 MRI of groove pancreatitis. This is an axial T2‐weighted image w...Figure 30.2 Ductal imaging of chronic pancreatitis. (a) Normal appearance of...Figure 30.3 Vascular complications of chronic pancreatitis. (a) Pseudoaneury...

23 Chapter 31Figure 31.1 EUS showing minor changes related to early CP. Source:Figure 31.2 Different EUS imaging showing the different EUS criteria for CP:...Figure 31.3 Collection of pancreatic secretion in the duodenal lumen after t...Figure 31.4 EUS‐guided elastography showing a heterogeneous predominantly gr...Figure 31.5 Evaluation of solid pancreatic masses by EUS and advanced techno...

24 Chapter 33Figure 33.1 Schematic representation of the quantification of pancreatic sec...

25 Chapter 34Figure 34.1 Pain mechanisms in chronic pancreatitis.Figure 34.2 Analgesic ladder in chronic pancreatitis.

26 Chapter 35Figure 35.1 Conceptual framework of the PEI‐Q for assessing symptoms and imp...

27 Chapter 36Figure 36.1 Modified version of the WHO analgesic pain ladder. For details s...

28 Chapter 37Figure 37.1 Fragmentation of an intraductal stone in the PD using EHL.Figure 37.2 Pancreatic stricture in the head of the pancreas without outflow...Figure 37.3 EUS‐guided pancreaticogastrostomy: FNA needle puncturing the dil...Figure 37.4 Antegrade technique: plastic stent placement in the PD through t...

29 Chapter 38Figure 38.1 Evaluation of the efficacy of pancreatic enzyme replacement ther...Figure 38.2 Algorithm for the management of pancreatic exocrine insufficienc...

30 Chapter 39Figure 39.1 Diagrammatic representation of surgical operations for chronic p...

31 Chapter 40Figure 40.1 CT of the abdomen on (a) anteroposterior and (b) coronal views r...Figure 40.2 Conventional transmural drainage of a pancreatic pseudocyst as d...Figure 40.3 EUS‐guided drainage of a pancreatic pseudocyst as demonstrated b...Figure 40.4 Endoscopic view of a lumen‐apposing metal stent when deployed vi...Figure 40.5 Pancreatogram revealing a ductal leak (a) that is managed by tra...Figure 40.6 Preprocedure (left) and post‐intervention (right) CT revealing a...

32 Chapter 41Figure 41.1 (a, b) Gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm before and after emb...Figure 41.2 A case of chronic pancreatitis with accessory left hepatic arter...Figure 41.3 Algorithm for the management of chronic pancreatitis with pseudo...Figure 41.4 Chronic pancreatitis with isolated splenic vein thrombosis (a) a...Figure 41.5 Algorithm for the management of chronic pancreatitis with left‐s...Figure 41.6 Case of chronic pancreatitis with portal vein obstruction presen...Figure 41.7 Transient hepatic attenuation difference seen in patients with p...

33 Chapter 42Figure 42.1 Local complications of the pancreas in chronic pancreatitis.Figure 42.2 Ruptured pseudoaneurysm within a pseudocyst. This is a life‐thre...Figure 42.3 MRI showing common bile duct stenosis in association with main p...Figure 42.4 Duodenal obstruction in a patient with CP. Red arrow shows the t...

34 Chapter 45Figure 45.1 Proposed algorithm for the work‐up of pancreatic masses. *, The ...

35 Chapter 46Figure 46.1 Algorithm for management of AIP. IM, immunomodulator.

36 Chapter 47Figure 47.1 The relative contribution of CFTR and non‐CFTR genetic and envir...Figure 47.2 A conceptual model demonstrating CFTR‐related factors that contr...

37 Chapter 49Figure 49.1 Estimated number of new cancer cases and deaths in 2018, worldwi...Figure 49.2 Estimated age‐standardized death rates (world) for pancreatic ca...Figure 49.3 Estimated age‐standardized pancreatic cancer mortality rates (wo...Figure 49.4 Estimated number of deaths and age‐standardized death rates from...

38 Chapter 50Figure 50.1 The clinically relevant aspects of the molecular and genetic fea...

39 Chapter 51Figure 51.1 Distribution of glycemic status based on fasting blood glucose l...Figure 51.2 Three‐year risk of PDAC for associated conditions. 2‐FDR, two fi...Figure 51.3 Prevalence and causes of type 3c diabetes mellitus. (a) Prevalen...

40 Chapter 55Figure 55.1 A 76‐year‐old man with pancreatic adenocarcinoma: (a) axial arte...Figure 55.2 A 53‐year‐old man with pancreatic adenocarcinoma: (a) axial arte...Figure 55.3 A 68‐year‐old woman with a centrally necrotic pancreatic adenoca...Figure 55.4 A 67‐year‐old woman with a side‐branch intraductal papillary muc...

41 Chapter 56Figure 56.1 (a) EUS elastography showing a hard lesion. (b) No enhancement o...Figure 56.2 (a) EUS elastography showing a hard lesion with irregular margin...Figure 56.3 Cystadenocarcinoma: solid part appears very hard and confirms th...Figure 56.4 Elastography shows a soft lesion (green), softer than the normal...Figure 56.5 (a) Elastography shows a mild hard lesion with the same elastici...

42 Chapter 57Figure 57.1 Algorithm for patients with pancreatic solid lesions. MDCT, mult...Figure 57.2 EUS‐FNA cytological smears of pancreatic solid lesions. (a) Norm...Figure 57.3 EUS‐FNA smears of cell blocks from pancreatic solid lesions. (a)...Figure 57.4 Histological samples obtained by EUS‐FNB of pancreatic solid les...

43 Chapter 58Figure 58.1 Artery first approach: this approach may be used early during th...Figure 58.2 Uncinate first approach: for this approach, the entire panreatic...Figure 58.3 End–end anastomosis after venous resection: tumor infiltration o...

44 Chapter 60Figure 60.1 Arterial and venous involvement.Figure 60.2 Resection bed following the Heidelberg triangle operation with t...

45 Chapter 62Figure 62.1 Treatment of pain in patients with pancreatic cancer. PEI, pancr...

46 Chapter 63Figure 63.1 Three celiac ganglia are demonstrated in each image (arrows). SM...

47 Chapter 64Figure 64.1 Available biliary stents including plastic stents and fully cove...Figure 64.2 Two patients with malignant biliary strictures from pancreatic h...Figure 64.3 Malignant biliary stricture due to an ampullary mass involving t...Figure 64.4 Duodenal obstruction from pancreatic adenocarcinoma with tumor‐r...Figure 64.5 EUS guided gastroenterostomy for malignant duodenal obstruction ...

48 Chapter 65Figure 65.1 Molecular structure of olaparib.Figure 65.2 Olaparib molecular model.Figure 65.3 ARP inhibition has been demonstrated to selectively kill tumor c...

49 Chapter 66Figure 66.1 Contributors to PEI and malnutrition in both resectable and irre...Figure 66.2 Results from a population‐based study using propensity‐matched a...Figure 66.3 Kaplan–Meier curves comparing PERT‐treated pancreatic cancer pat...

50 Chapter 68Figure 68.1 EUS‐RFA radiofrequency system. (a) EUSRA (STARmed, Koyang, South...Figure 68.2 Neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser probe (Ec...Figure 68.3 Photodynamic therapy device. A small‐diameter quartz optical fib...Figure 68.4 CryoThermal ablation system. (a) The radiofrequency energy is de...

51 Chapter 69Figure 69.1 Overcoming challenges in pancreatic cancer.

52 Chapter 70Figure 70.1 (a) Serous cystic neoplasm with well‐circumscribed sponge‐like a...Figure 70.2 (a) Mucinous cystic neoplasm: large cystic lesion in the tail of...Figure 70.3 (a) Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm: diffuse type with d...Figure 70.4 Intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm with arborizing papilla...Figure 70.5 Intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm with predominant tubular an...Figure 70.6 (a) Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm with marked cystic changes. (...

53 Chapter 71Figure 71.1 Pitfalls of endoscopic ultrasound in pancreatic cystic tumors. (...Figure 71.2 Common patterns of needle‐based confocal endomicroscopy in pancr...Figure 71.3 Diagnostic algorithm for pancreatic cystic tumors. *, After excl...

54 Chapter 72Figure 72.1 A 35‐year‐old woman with a mucinous cystic neoplasm in the tail ...Figure 72.2 A 72‐year‐old woman with an incidentally discovered pancreatic s...Figure 72.3 A 44‐year‐old woman with an incidental pancreatic cystic lesion ...Figure 72.4 A 67‐year‐old woman with a side‐branch intraductal papillary muc...Figure 72.5 A 69‐year‐old man with an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplas...Figure 72.6 A 71‐year‐old woman with a main‐duct intraductal papillary mucin...

55 Chapter 73Figure 73.1 Appearance of a mural nodule on endoscopic ultrasound, with visi...Figure 73.2 Treatment algorithm from Fukuoka updated guidelines for patients...Figure 73.3 The compromise struck between sensitivity and specificity of dif...

56 Chapter 74Figure 74.1 A 50‐year‐old female with large 7‐cm pancreatic tail cyst. (a) C...Figure 74.2 A 60‐year‐old male with asymptomatic 3‐cm pancreatic tail microc...Figure 74.3 A 13‐year‐old female with abdominal pain and a solid pseudopapil...Figure 74.4 A 52‐year‐old male with incidental 2‐cm pancreatic head cyst man...

57 Chapter 75Figure 75.1 Unilocular cyst of 19 mm corresponding to branch‐type IPMN fulfi...

58 Chapter 76Figure 76.1 ⁶⁸Ga‐PET: uptake of gallium‐68 tracer in a patient with an NF‐Pa...

59 Chapter 77Figure 77.1 Cystic lymphangioma of pancreas: intraoperative view.

60 Chapter 78Figure 78.1 The three different types of gastrectomy (a) and reconstruction ...

61 Chapter 79Figure 79.1 Interactions between exocrine and endocrine pancreas. PEI, pancr...

62 Chapter 80Figure 80.1 Prevalence and etiologies of pancreatogenic diabetes mellitus (D...