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APIDANUS RIVER (ὁ Ἀπιδανός/ Ἠπιδανός ποταμός)

CHRISTOPHER BARON

University of Notre Dame

A river in THESSALY (BA 55 C2; Müller I, 309), the modern Farsaliotis/Pharsalitis with its source near the ancient city of Pharsalus. Herodotus lists the Apidanus as one of the five most important tributaries of the PENEIUS (all on its right bank), the major river in the region (7.129.2). In fact, the Apidanus and ENIPEUS merge before flowing into the Peneius; ancient authors differed on which of the two took precedence (cf. Strabo 8.3.32/C356 and 9.5.6/C432). Later, Herodotus refers to the Apidanus (spelling it Ἠπ‐ rather than Ἀπ‐) as “the greatest of the RIVERS in Achaea” PHTHIOTIS (southern Thessaly) and notes that it barely provided sufficient water for XERXES’ invasion army (7.196).