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DANIEL TOBER

Colgate University

A fertile region of MYSIA directly opposite the island of LESBOS (1.160.4, 8.106.1; see Müller II, 434–37), through which the Persian army marched in 480 BCE (7.42.1), and the locale of several colorful Herodotean episodes (BA 56 D3, present day Kale Tepe). It was here, in the district of MALENE, that Histiaeus, in search of grain for his army during the IONIAN REVOLT, was captured by the Persian general HARPAGUS (6.28.2–29.1) and here, fourteen years later, that the eunuch HERMOTIMUS cunningly gelded the slave trader PANIONIUS (8.106). According to Herodotus, CYRUS (II) had awarded Atarneus to the Chians (c. 547/6) in exchange for the capture of the Lydian PACTYES (1.160.4), and CHIOS remained closely associated with the area (in some sense its peraia) well into the fourth century BCE. We find Chian EXILES occupying a fortified Atarneus in 409 (Diod. Sic. 13.65.4) and again in 398 (Xen. Hell. 3.2.11; see Isoc. 4.144); and even after Atarneus rose in power in the fourth century under the tyranny (probably a consequence of the Satraps’ Revolt) first of the Bithynian Eubulus (Arist. Pol. 1267a32; cf. Strabo 13.1.57/C610 and Diog. Laert. 5.3) and then of Herm(e)ias, Chios maintained ties to the region (Theopompus BNJ 115 F291; Ps.‐Scylax 98.7). Atarneus flourished under Hermias, who brought ARISTOTLE from ATHENS and married him to his niece. The tyrant’s death at the hands of Darius III marked the beginning of Atarneus’ decline, later hastened, if we are to believe Pausanias, by mosquitoes (7.2.11).

SEE ALSO: Hermippus; Histiaeus son of Lysagoras