Читать книгу Patty's Industrial Hygiene, Hazard Recognition - Группа авторов - Страница 78

The ANSI/ASSP Z590.3‐2011(R2016) (11) standard defines PtD as “addressing OSH needs in the design and redesign process to prevent or minimize the work‐related hazards and risks associated with the construction, manufacture, use, maintenance, retrofitting, and disposal of facilities, processes, materials, and equipment” (ANSI/ASSE Z590.3‐2011(R2016)). ANSI Z590.3's stated goals are to (i) achieve acceptable risk levels, (ii) prevent or reduce risks that produce injuries and illnesses, and (iii) reduce the need for retrofitting to control risks not addressed in the design phase. Its concepts can be applied in any setting and throughout the life cycle of a system's life. The four major stages identified in Z590.3 are as follows:

1 Pre‐operational. The initial stage including conceptual design, initial planning, design, specification, prototyping, construction, and installation which offer the designers the greatest degree of control and lowest costs.

2 Operational. The primary stage of the life cycle including production, maintenance, service or repair, redesign, modification, and addition of a system. Hazards and risks are identified, assessed, and treated with work method changes or retrofitting of physical elements to the system through redesign initiatives.

3 Post‐incident. A reactionary stage following incidents such as injuries, illnesses, fatalities, property damage, equipment failure, product failure, near‐hits, or noninjury incidents, and other unwanted events. Investigations and analyses of causal factors are used to determine appropriate interventions to reduce recurrence or control similar exposures to an acceptable risk level.

4 Post‐operational. The final stage or end of life, decommission, reuse, demolition, and/or disposal of a system. Hazards and risks are identified/anticipated, assessed, and treated with control measures taken through redesign initiatives or work method changes before incidents occur.