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1 1 Duncan, H.F., Galler, K.M., Tomson, P.L. et al. (2019). European Society of Endodontology position statement: management of deep caries and the exposed pulp. Int. Endod. J. 52 (7): 923–934.

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9 9 Nair, P.N., Duncan, H.F., Pitt Ford, T.R., and Luder, H.U. (2008). Histological, ultrastructural and quantitative investigations on the response of healthy human pulps to experimental capping with mineral trioxide aggregate: a randomized controlled trial. Int. Endod. J. 41 (2): 128–150.

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19 19 Mjor, I.A. and Tronstad, L. (1974). The healing of experimentally induced pulpitis. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. 38 (1): 115–121.

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21 21 Schwendicke, F., Frencken, J.E., Bjorndal, L. et al. (2016). Managing carious lesions: consensus recommendations on carious tissue removal. Adv. Dent. Res. 28 (2): 58–67.

22 22 El‐Helali, R., Dowling, A.H., McGinley, E.L. et al. (2013). Influence of resin‐based composite restoration technique and endodontic access on cuspal deflection and cervical microleakage scores. J. Dent. 41 (3): 216–222.

23 23 Browne, R.M., Tobias, R.S., Crombie, I.K., and Plant, C.G. (1983). Bacterial microleakage and pulpal inflammation in experimental cavities. Int. Endod. J. 16 (4): 147–155.

24 24 Cox, C.F., Keall, C.L., Keall, H.J. et al. (1987). Biocompatibility of surface‐sealed dental materials against exposed pulps. J. Prosthet. Dent. 57 (1): 1–8.

25 25 Krifka, S., Seidenader, C., Hiller, K.A. et al. (2012). Oxidative stress and cytotoxicity generated by dental composites in human pulp cells. Clin. Oral Investig. 16 (1): 215–224.

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35 35 Yoshiba, N., Edanami, N., Tohma, A. et al. (2018). Detection of bone marrow‐derived fibrocytes in human dental pulp repair. Int. Endod. J. 51 (11): 1187–1195.

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37 37 Smith, A.J. (2003). Vitality of the dentin–pulp complex in health and disease: growth factors as key mediators. J. Dent. Educ. 67 (6): 678–689.

38 38 Smith, A.J., Duncan, H.F., Diogenes, A. et al. (2016). Exploiting the bioactive properties of the dentin–pulp complex in regenerative endodontics. J. Endod. 42 (1): 47–56.

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44 44 Graham, L., Cooper, P.R., Cassidy, N. et al. (2006). The effect of calcium hydroxide on solubilisation of bio‐active dentine matrix components. Biomaterials 27 (14): 2865–2873.

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46 46 Giraud, T., Jeanneau, C., Rombouts, C. et al. (2019). Pulp capping materials modulate the balance between inflammation and regeneration. Dent. Mater. 35 (1): 24–35.

47 47 Ferracane, J.L., Cooper, P.R., and Smith, A.J. (2010). Can interaction of materials with the dentin‐pulp complex contribute to dentin regeneration? Odontology 98 (1): 2–14.

48 48 Galler, K.M. and Widbiller, M. (2017). Perspectives for cell‐homing approaches to engineer dental pulp. J. Endod. 43 (9S): S40–S45.

49 49 Tran, X.V., Gorin, C., Willig, C. et al. (2012). Effect of a calcium‐silicate‐based restorative cement on pulp repair. J. Dent. Res. 91 (12): 1166–1171.

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51 51 Duncan, H.F., Smith, A.J., Fleming, G.J., and Cooper, P.R. (2013). Histone deacetylase inhibitors epigenetically promote reparative events in primary dental pulp cells. Exp. Cell Res. 319 (10): 1534–1543.

52 52 Barthel, C.R., Rosenkranz, B., Leuenberg, A., and Roulet, J.F. (2000). Pulp capping of carious exposures: treatment outcome after 5 and 10 years: a retrospective study. J. Endod. 26 (9): 525–528.

53 53 Mejare, I. and Cvek, M. (1993). Partial pulpotomy in young permanent teeth with deep carious lesions. Endod. Dent. Traumatol. 9 (6): 238–242.

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56 56 Garfunkel, A., Sela, J., and Ulmansky, M. (1973). Dental pulp pathosis. Clinicopathologic correlations based on 109 cases. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. 35 (1): 110–117.

57 57 Dummer, P.M., Hicks, R., and Huws, D. (1980). Clinical signs and symptoms in pulp disease. Int. Endod. J. 13 (1): 27–35.

58 58 Michaelson, P.L. and Holland, G.R. (2002). Is pulpitis painful? Int. Endod. J. 35 (10): 829–832.

59 59 Bjorndal, L., Simon, S., Tomson, P.L., and Duncan, H.F. (2019). Management of deep caries and the exposed pulp. Int. Endod. J. 52 (7): 949–973.

60 60 Cvek, M. (1978). A clinical report on partial pulpotomy and capping with calcium hydroxide in permanent incisors with complicated crown fracture. J. Endod. 4 (8): 232–237.

61 61 Al‐Hiyasat, A.S., Barrieshi‐Nusair, K.M., and Al‐Omari, M.A. (2006). The radiographic outcomes of direct pulp‐capping procedures performed by dental students: a retrospective study. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 137 (12): 1699–1705.

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64 64 Mente, J., Hufnagel, S., Leo, M. et al. (2014). Treatment outcome of mineral trioxide aggregate or calcium hydroxide direct pulp capping: long‐term results. J. Endod. 40 (11): 1746–1751.

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68 68 Hilton, T.J., Ferracane, J.L., and Mancl, L. (2013). Comparison of CaOH with MTA for direct pulp capping: a PBRN randomized clinical trial. J. Dent. Res. 92 (7 Suppl): 16s–22s.

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70 70 Bergenholtz, G. (2000). Evidence for bacterial causation of adverse pulpal responses in resin‐based dental restorations. Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. 11 (4): 467–480.

71 71 Schroder, U. (1985). Effects of calcium hydroxide‐containing pulp‐capping agents on pulp cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. J. Dent. Res. 64: 541–548.

72 72 Cvek, M., Granath, L., Cleaton‐Jones, P., and Austin, J. (1987). Hard tissue barrier formation in pulpotomized monkey teeth capped with cyanoacrylate or calcium hydroxide for 10 and 60 minutes. J. Dent. Res. 66 (6): 1166–1174.

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75 75 Murray, P.E., Hafez, A.A., Smith, A.J., and Cox, C.F. (2002). Hierarchy of pulp capping and repair activities responsible for dentin bridge formation. Am. J. Dent. 15 (4): 236–243.

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77 77 Murray, P.E., Smyth, T.W., About, I. et al. (2002). The effect of etching on bacterial microleakage of an adhesive composite restoration. J. Dent. 30 (1): 29–36.

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83 83 Harms, C.S., Schafer, E., and Dammaschke, T. (2019). Clinical evaluation of direct pulp capping using a calcium silicate cement‐treatment outcomes over an average period of 2.3 years. Clin. Oral Investig. 23 (9): 3491–3499.

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89 89 Heys, D.R., Cox, C.F., Heys, R.J., and Avery, J.K. (1981). Histological considerations of direct pulp capping agents. J. Dent. Res. 60 (7): 1371–1379.

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94 94 Bhaskar, S.N., Beasley, J.D., Ward, J.P., and Cutright, D.E. (1972). Human pulp capping with isobutyl cyanoacrylate. J. Dent. Res. 51 (1): 58–61.

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99 99 Schroder, U. (1972). Evaluation of healing following experimental pulpotomy of intact human teeth and capping with calcium hydroxide. Odontol. Revy 23 (3): 329–340.

100 100 Schroder, U. (1973). Effect of an extra‐pulpal blood clot on healing following experimental pulpotomy and capping with calcium hydroxide. Odontol. Revy 24 (3): 257–268.

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102 102 Pitt Ford, T.R. (1979). Pulpal response to Procal for capping exposures in dog's teeth. J. Br. Endod. Soc. 12 (2): 67–72.

103 103 Pitt Ford, T.R. and Roberts, G.J. (1991). Immediate and delayed direct pulp capping with the use of a new visible light‐cured calcium hydroxide preparation. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. 71 (3): 338–342.

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105 105 Brannstrom, M., Nyborg, H., and Stromberg, T. (1979). Experiments with pulp capping. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. 48 (4): 347–352.

106 106 Cox, C.F., Bergenholtz, G., Fitzgerald, M. et al. (1982). Capping of the dental pulp mechanically exposed to the oral microflora – a 5 week observation of wound healing in the monkey. J. Oral Pathol. 11 (4): 327–339.

107 107 Cox, C.F., Bergenholtz, G., Heys, D.R. et al. (1985). Pulp capping of dental pulp mechanically exposed to oral microflora: a 1–2 year observation of wound healing in the monkey. J. Oral Pathol. 14 (2): 156–168.

108 108 Pitt Ford, T.R. (1985). Pulpal response to a calcium hydroxide material for capping exposures. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. 59 (2): 194–197.

109 109 Aeinehchi, M., Eslami, B., Ghanbariha, M., and Saffar, A.S. (2003). Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium hydroxide as pulp‐capping agents in human teeth: a preliminary report. Int. Endod. J. 36 (3): 225–231.

110 110 Chacko, V. and Kurikose, S. (2006). Human pulpal response to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA): a histologic study. J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent. 30 (3): 203–209.

111 111 Lu, Y., Liu, T., Li, H., and Pi, G. (2008). Histological evaluation of direct pulp capping with a self‐etching adhesive and calcium hydroxide on human pulp tissue. Int. Endod. J. 41 (8): 643–650.

112 112 Cox, C.F., Subay, R.K., Ostro, E. et al. (1996). Tunnel defects in dentin bridges: their formation following direct pulp capping. Oper. Dent. 21 (1): 4–11.

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115 115 Sciaky, I. and Pisanti, S. (1960). Localization of calcium placed over amputated pulps in dogs' teeth. J. Dent. Res. 39: 1128–1132.

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117 117 Kakehashi, S., Stanley, H.R., and Fitzgerald, R. (1969). The exposed germ‐free pulp: effects of topical corticosteroid medication and restoration. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. 27 (1): 60–67.

118 118 Dammaschke, T., Leidinger, J., and Schafer, E. (2010). Long‐term evaluation of direct pulp capping – treatment outcomes over an average period of 6.1 years. Clin. Oral Investig. 14 (5): 559–567.

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121 121 Cox, C.F. and Suzuki, S. (1994). Re‐evaluating pulp protection: calcium hydroxide liners vs. cohesive hybridization. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 125 (7): 823–831.

122 122 Kanca, J. 3rd. (1996). Replacement of a fractured incisor fragment over pulpal exposure: a long‐term case report. Quintessence Int. 27 (12): 829–832.

123 123 Olmez, A., Oztas, N., Basak, F., and Sabuncuoglu, B. (1998). A histopathologic study of direct pulp‐capping with adhesive resins. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. 86 (1): 98–103.

124 124 Tsuneda, Y., Hayakawa, T., Yamamoto, H. et al. (1995). A histopathological study of direct pulp capping with adhesive resins. Oper. Dent. 20 (6): 223–229.

125 125 Cox, C.F., Hafez, A.A., Akimoto, N. et al. (1998). Biocompatibility of primer, adhesive and resin composite systems on non‐exposed and exposed pulps of non‐human primate teeth. Am. J. Dent. 11: S55–S63.

126 126 Fujitani, M., Shibata, S., Van Meerbeek, B. et al. (2002). Direct adhesive pulp capping: pulpal healing and ultra‐morphology of the resin‐pulp interface. Am. J. Dent. 15 (6): 395–402.

127 127 Pameijer, C.H. and Stanley, H.R. (1998). The disastrous effects of the ‘total etch’ technique in vital pulp capping in primates. Am. J. Dent. 11: S45–S54.

128 128 Hilton, T.J. (2009). Keys to clinical success with pulp capping: a review of the literature. Oper. Dent. 34 (5): 615–625.

129 129 de Souza Costa, C.A., do Nascimento, A.B., and Teixeira, H.M. (2002). Response of human pulps following acid conditioning and application of a bonding agent in deep cavities. Dent. Mater. 18 (7): 543–551.

130 130 Abebe, W., Pashley, D.H., and Rueggeberg, F.A. (2005). Vasorelaxant effect of resin‐based, single‐bottle dentin bonding systems. J. Endod. 31 (3): 194–197.

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134 134 Parirokh, M. and Torabinejad, M. (2010). Mineral trioxide aggregate: a comprehensive literature review – Part III: Clinical applications, drawbacks, and mechanism of action. J. Endod. 36 (3): 400–413.

135 135 Lenherr, P., Allgayer, N., Weiger, R. et al. (2012). Tooth discoloration induced by endodontic materials: a laboratory study. Int. Endod. J. 45 (10): 942–949.

136 136 Ioannidis, K., Mistakidis, I., Beltes, P., and Karagiannis, V. (2013). Spectrophotometric analysis of coronal discolouration induced by grey and white MTA. Int. Endod. J. 46 (2): 137–144.

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