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Introduction
ОглавлениеA comprehensive history taking is implicit to all health care disciplines to aid the diagnostic consultation process and to inform the optimal course of management. The skill of history taking has changed over the decades and has adopted a wider context as a predictive diagnostic tool. To facilitate a more holistic approach to the examination of the newborn, a thorough evaluation of the maternal and newborn history is essential. Short‐term outcomes, long‐term morbidities or even mortality can be influenced by the quality of the history taking in terms of the predictive risk for some adverse clinical conditions.
This chapter outlines the context of the history profile from the maternal, perinatal and familial perspective. It also addresses history taking as a skill as well as the potential barriers that may reduce the effectiveness of the process. The aim of this chapter is not only to address common risk factors but to embrace the wider context of history taking from a psychosocial and safeguarding perspective (see also the website that accompanies this book for more information on safeguarding and the newborn examination). The focus on history taking must be meaningful, achievable and valuable to the newborn examination practitioner. History taking remains the principal standard underpinning the clinical examination; to disregard the importance of history taking may lead to suboptimal practice and outcomes. Effectively gathering a history demands time and should not be rushed because it is a powerful instrument that can influence the quality of the examination.
Historically, the profile of the newborn examination systematic history assessment has been raised over the decades (NHS QIS 2008; NICE 2015; PHE 2020c; Skills for Health 2019). However, history taking is an essential component of the newborn and infant physical examination (NIPE) that has been validated through the development of the UK National Screening Committee (NSC) NIPE Programme (PHE 2018a) and implementation of the national NIPE Programme guidance documents mandating the programme (PHE 2018; 2020c).
For the purposes of this chapter, the National Health Service (NHS) Antenatal and Newborn Screening Programmes will be used as a framework to underpin the history‐taking process. This approach should encompass all relevant information from the maternal and newborn medical records, dialogue with the mother and/or father and information from clinical staff.
The NIPE Programme Handbook, standards and service specifications can be found on the gov.uk website:
https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp‐content/uploads/2017/04/Service‐Specification‐No.21‐NIPE.pdf.
The NIPE Programme Newborn Screening Pathway can be found as an appendix to the Programme Handbook and on the following weblink:
