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Good history taking has always underpinned effective medical practice. However, the nature of the history profile has changed through the incorporation of government directives and a public policy agenda. The NHS Antenatal and Newborn Screening Programmes can be mapped to the history‐taking process to help guide the NIPE practitioner towards gathering the relevant information. Whilst the maternal obstetric, surgical and medical history remains firmly implicit with the history‐taking process, the psychosocial agenda now reflects the challenges facing families coupled with today's parental lifestyle choices. It can be strongly argued that parental psychosocial influences can impact directly upon not only the newborn period but also childhood and adulthood. The newborn examination provides a platform to address some of these issues so that interventional measures can be implemented at an early stage. This may go some way to help direct parents and safeguard the vulnerable newborn, thereby protecting the health of a future generation. History taking remains an active element of the newborn examination. Without it, the clinical validity of the newborn examination itself could indeed be negligible.

This chapter provides an overview and context of the changing and dynamic nature of history taking as part of the newborn examination. The following websites will provide additional specific information and resources:

Clinical condition	Useful website
Congenital heart defect	https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/congenital‐heart‐disease/ https://www.gov.uk/topic/population‐screening‐programmes https://www.gov.uk/topic/population‐screening‐programmes http://pathways.nice.org.uk/pathways/structural‐heart‐defects?fno=1
Developmental dysplasia of the hips	http://www.steps‐charity.org.uk/ https://www.gov.uk/topic/population‐screening‐programmes
Eye conditions	https://www.gov.uk/topic/population‐screening‐programmes http://www.rnib.org.uk/?gclid=CJOErMnopsACFSXKtAodUEcAWg http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Cataracts‐childhood/Pages/Introduction.aspx http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/retinoblastoma/Pages/Introduction.aspx http://www.childrenwithcancer.org.uk/News/retinoblastoma?gclid=CPKz6I3ppsACFabLtAodbBwANA
Undescended testes	http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/undescendedtesticles/Pages/Introduction.aspx http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000411.htm
BCG vaccination	http://www.nidirect.gov.uk/bcg‐vaccination https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/immunisation‐against‐infectious‐disease‐the‐green‐book#the‐green‐book http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/vaccinations/Pages/bcg‐tuberculosis‐TB‐vaccine.aspx
Metabolic diseases	http://www.bimdg.org.uk/site/index.asp
NICE and national guidance documents
Antenatal and postnatal mental health	https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg192
Antibiotics for the prevention and treatment of early onset neonatal infection	http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/CG149
Neonatal jaundice	http://pathways.nice.org.uk/pathways/neonatal‐jaundice?fno=1
Congenital heart defect	http://pathways.nice.org.uk/pathways/structural‐heart‐defects?fno=1
Reducing differences in the uptake of immunisations	http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/PH21
Drug misuse – opioid detoxification	http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/CG52
MBRRACE UK: Saving Lives, Improving Mothers’ Care	https://www.npeu.ox.ac.uk/mbrrace‐uk/reports
NHS Antenatal and Newborn Screening Programmes	https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/infectious‐diseases‐in‐pregnancy‐screening‐programme‐handbook https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/infectious‐diseases‐in‐pregnancy‐screening‐care‐pathway https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/handbook‐for‐sickle‐cell‐and‐thalassaemia‐screening https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/749742/NHS_fetal_anomaly_screening_programme_handbook_FINAL1.2_18.10.18.pdf https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/newborn‐and‐infant‐physical‐examination‐screening‐standards https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/newborn‐and‐infant‐physical‐examination‐screening‐standards https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/702100/NIPE_Screening_Programme_Newborn_Pathway.pdf https://www.gov.uk/topic/population‐screening‐programmes/newborn‐blood‐spot https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/standards‐for‐nhs‐newborn‐blood‐spot‐screening https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/newborn‐hearing‐screening‐programme‐nhsp‐operational‐guidance https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp‐content/uploads/2017/04/Service‐Specification‐No.21‐NIPE.pdf
Continuing professional development and education	https://www.e‐lfh.org.uk/ https://www.skillsforhealth.org.uk/services/item/22‐elearning‐healthcare