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Overall, complication rates following stoma formation have been reported between 21 and 70%. The incidence is the highest in the first five years postoperatively, but the complication risk is lifelong and can be associated with significant morbidity. Early stomal complications occur within three months of placement and include stomal necrosis, bleeding, and retraction. Late stomal complications usually present in permanent ostomies and can include parastomal hernia, prolapse, and stenosis. Cutaneous complications can occur at any time, and ileostomies can also be associated with metabolic derangements due to their large output.