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By Theresa S.S. Schilhab & Christian Gerlach¹

The legacy of the cognitive revolution, with its neglect of the human body, has prevailed until recently. Today it is clearer than ever, at least within cognitive neuroscience, that our bodies shape/constrain the way we function cognitively. In this chapter we address the idea of embodiment from the biological perspective. We jump start the analysis by a philosophical stipulation of what embodiment could imply. To this end we make use of two different thought experiments and discuss the concept of interactional expertise. Then we introduce some empirical research to exemplify how the body – in more than just a trivial sense – is a co-determiner of cognitive architecture. We will argue that the body is an active component that adds uniquely and indispensably to cognition.