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—: Molecules of Murder: Criminal Molecules and Classic Murders. Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2008.

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1 “Science without conscience ruins the soul”: a scholastic axiom quoted by Rabelais (p. 109).

2 The following quotes are from Pierre Laszlo, “The nomadic state” on the author’s website: www.pierrelaszlo.com.

3 This was the title of Bruno Latour’s lecture for the Holberg Prize Symposium held in Bergen June 4^th 2013.

4 “As the whole history of science – and Serres himself for a large part in his earlier work – has often shown, it is difficult to follow the emergence of any scientific concept without taking into account the vast cultural background that allows scientists to first animate them, and then, but only later, to de-animate them. Although the official philosophy of science takes the last movement as the only important and rational one, just the opposite is true: animation is the essential phenomenon; deanimation a superficial, ancillary, polemical and more often than not a vindicatory one. One of the main puzzles of Western history is not that “there are people who still believe in animism”, but the rather naive belief that many still have in a de-animated world of mere stuff; and this, just at the moment when they themselves multiply the agencies with which they are more deeply entangled every day. The more we move in geostory, the more this belief seems difficult to understand” (Latour, p. 9).

5 “[L]e mental vécu implique le corporel, mais en un sens du mot corps irréductible au corps objectif tel qu’il est connu des sciences de la nature” (Ricoeur, p. 11-12).

6 The most relevant quotation in this context is: “I hold back – I examine – I do not understand – I remain poised in the balance – I take for my guide the ways of the world and the experiences of the senses” (Sextus Empiricus).

7 From the French “balance d’essai”, which was originally a sensitive set of scales used by chemists for weighing substances, especially precious metals. It seems worth recalling that in 1623 Galileo entitled his famous polemic book against the Aristotelian theories The Assayer (Il saggiatore).

8 The chemist and highly successful science writer John Emsley has published two volumes on chemistry and crime fiction: Elements of Murder and Molecules of Murder: Criminal Molecules and Classic Murders.

9 In a private communication, Sharon Ruston informs us that Victor Frankenstein, the most famous literary example of a mad scientist, studies chemistry under the tutelage of Professor Waldeman, a character who exalts alchemy and modern chemistry and whose model is Humphry Davy.

10 In Diderot and d’Alembert’s Encyclopédie, the article on chemistry describes the typical chemist as a solitary and obsessed figure in terms that are easily associated with the stereotypically solitary and melancholy poet. “The wisest Chemists agree that an interest in Chemistry is really a madman’s passion. And that is because the Chemist must know all these practical processes, must be patient through long tedious experiments and observe them with painstaking care, must cover his expenses, must confront the dangers of the experiments and the temptation to lose sight of everything else. Becher calls Chemists Certum quoddam genus hominum excentricum, heteroclitum, heterogeneum, anomalum; a man who has a singular obsession, quo sanitas, pecunia, tempus & vita perduntur”, see http://quod.lib.umich.edu.

11 See also Michel Chaouli’s The Laboratory of Poetry.

12 Editors’ translation “[L]a Chimie est imitatrice & rivale de la nature; son objet est presqu’aussi étendu que celui de la nature même: cette partie de la Physique est entre les autres, ce que la Poësie est entre les autres genres de littérature; ou elle décompose les êtres, ou elle les revivifie, ou elle les transforme, &c. Quoted in the entry “Alchymistes”, see http://portail.atilf.fr.

13 “The strangest and most magical branch of natural magic is the one in which chemical agents operate. Different kinds of phosphorus, oils ignited by acids, exploding powders, violent effervescences, artificial vulcanoes, the production, destruction and sudden changes in the color of certain liquids, unexpected precipitations and coagulations can astonish and amuse people even in our enlightened times, not to mention such apparent fantasies as the philospher’s stone, Parecelsus’s homunculus, the miracles of palengenesis and all such marvels”, see http://quod.lib.umich.edu.

14 Cf. George S. Rousseau’s argument about the importance of neuroscience for the future of literature and science scholarship in Nervous Acts. See also Raymond Tallis’ recent critique of the claims made for the ability of neuroscience and evolutionary theory to explain human consciousness, behaviour, culture, and society, in Aping Mankind.

15 Levi repeatedly stated the similarities between the work of the chemist and the work of the writer. “To discern and create symmetry, ‘put something in its proper place’, is a mental adventure common to the poet and the scientist”, claimed Levi when the physicist Tullio Regge commented upon his aesthetic idea of the periodic table (Regge and Levi, p. 10).

16 “The analogy was that of the catalyst. When the two gases previously mentioned are mixed in the presence of a filament of platinum, they form sulphurous acid. This combination takes place only if the platinum is present; nevertheless the newly formed acid contains no trace of platinum, and the platinum itself is apparently unaffected; has remained inert, neutral, and unchanged. The mind of the poet is the shred of platinum. It may partly or exclusively operate upon the experience of the man himself; but, the more perfect the artist, the more completely separate in him will be the man who suffers and the mind which creates; the more perfectly will the mind digest and transmute the passions which are its material” (Eliot, p. 156).

17 IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.

18 Among the authors and works mentioned are Stephen Jay Gould, Wonderful Life; Richard Dawkins, Unweaving the Rainbow: Science, Delusion and the Appetite for Wonder; and George Levine, Darwin Loves you: Natural Selection and the Re-enchantment of the World.

19 “Chemistry was and is the art, craft and business of substances and their transformations. And now that we have learned to look inside the innards of the beast, there has emerged a parallel microscopic perspective – chemistry is the art, craft, business, and science of persistent groupings of atoms called molecules” (Hoffmann, p. 152).

20 Transmutation of matter was also something Humphry Davy found to be sublime. See Ruston, “Humphry Davy and the Sublime”.