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Группа авторов. Vitamin D in Clinical Medicine
Frontiers of Hormone Research
Vitamin D in Clinical Medicine
Contents
Preface. Vitamin D: A Key Player in Clinical Medicine
References
Physiology of the Calcium-Parathyroid Hormone-Vitamin D Axis
Abstract
Distribution of Calcium in Body Compartments
Calcium in Blood
Calcium in Cells
Calcium in Bone
Hormones Regulating Calcium Homeostasis
Parathyroid Hormone
Vitamin D
Role of Gut, Kidney, and Bone in Maintaining Calcium Homeostasis
Gut
Kidney
Bone
Integrated Hormonal Action in Regulating ECF Calcium
References
Vitamin D Assays
Abstract
Introduction
Vitamin D Production and Metabolism
Vitamin D Production
Vitamin D Metabolism
Assays for Vitamin D and Its Metabolites. Vitamin D
25-Hydroxyvitamin D
1,25(OH)2D
24,25(OH)2D
Free Vitamin D Metabolite Measurements
Conclusions
References
Vitamin D-Binding Protein
Abstract
Introduction
Structural Characteristics
DBP Functions. Vitamin D Metabolite Transport
Other DBP Functions. Actin Scavenger System
Fatty Acid Transport
DBP-Macrophage Activation Factor
Chemotaxis
DBP Serum Concentrations
DPB and Vitamin D Deficiency
Conclusion
References
New Concepts in Vitamin D Requirements for Children and Adolescents: A Controversy Revisited
Abstract
Introduction
Estimation of Vitamin D Inputs to Meet Requirements
Skeletal and Extraskeletal Health Outcomes in Response to Vitamin D
25(OH)D
1,25(OH)2D
Parathyroid Hormone
Calcium Absorption
Bone
Muscle
Diabetes
Safety Considerations
Interpreting Vitamin D Intervention Studies
Summary and Conclusions
References
Practical Issues in Vitamin D Replacement
Abstract
Guidance for the General Population
Vitamin D Assessment and Replacement in Osteoporosis
Measurement of Vitamin D Status in Malabsorption and after Bariatric Surgery
Patients on Enzyme-Inducing Antiepilepsy Medications
Pregnant Women
Children
Conclusions
References
Extra-Skeletal Effects of Vitamin D
Abstract
Vitamin D and Muscle Function and Falls (Table 1)
Vitamin D and Cancer (Table 2)
Vitamin D and the Immune System (Table 3)
Vitamin D and the Cardiovascular System
Vitamin D and Obesity, Diabetes, and the Metabolic Syndrome
Vitamin D and Other Nonskeletal Diseases
Vitamin D and Mortality
Conclusion and Summary
References
Hypercalcemic States Associated with Abnormalities of Vitamin D Metabolism
Abstract
Overview of Vitamin D Metabolism
Hypercalcemic States Involving Altered Vitamin D Metabolism. IIH due to Loss-of-Function CYP24A1 Mutations
IIH due to Mutations of SLC34A1/Na-Pi Cotransporter 2A
Hypervitaminosis D/Vitamin D Intoxication
Granulomatous Conditions – Sarcoidosis and Tuberculosis
Tools for the Differential Diagnosis of Hypercalcemic Conditions. Genetic Testing
Vitamin D Metabolomics by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Future Prospects. Additional Genetic Causes of Hypercalcemia due to Dysregulation of Vitamin D Metabolism
Specific Treatments for Elevated CYP27B1 and Serum 1,25(OH)2D3 Levels
References
Vitamin D and Hypoparathyroidism
Abstract
Hypoparathyroidism. Pathophysiology
Epidemiology and Etiologies
Clinical Presentations
Laboratory Findings
Acute Management of Hypoparathyroidism
General Guidelines in the Management of the Chronic Hypocalcemia of Hypoparathyroidism
Calcium
Active Vitamin D
Parent Forms of Vitamin D
Other Approaches: Variations on the Same Theme
Complications of Vitamin D Supplementation
Other Classic Approaches to Management of Hypoparathyroidism
The Advent of rhPTH (1–84) as a Therapeutic Option in Hypoparathyroidism
Summary
References
Vitamin D and Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Abstract
Introduction
Influence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency upon Disease Presentation. Biochemical Presentation
BMD and Skeletal Microarchitecture
Symptoms and Clinical Criteria for Parathyroidectomy by Vitamin D Status
Effects of Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency on Diagnosis and Imaging
Effect of Treatment of Vitamin D Deficiency in PHPT. Presurgical Repletion of Vitamin D in Patients with PHPT
Post-Surgical Effects of Vitamin D Deficiency and Vitamin D Repletion
Vitamin D and Nonskeletal Manifestations of PHPT
Vitamin D Thresholds in PHPT
Conclusions
References
Vitamin D and Secondary Hyperparathyroid States
Abstract
Introduction
Optimal Vitamin D Status and PTH
Skeletal and Extraskeletal Manifestations of Hypovitaminosis D and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Vitamin D Supplementation and PTH
Vitamin D and PTH in CKD
References
Vitamin D and Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis
Abstract
Introduction
Pathophysiological and Clinical Aspects
Therapeutic Aspects
Conclusion
References
Vitamin D and Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract
Introduction
Vitamin D Metabolism
Vitamin D and T1D. Rationale for Investigation
Results from Randomized Clinical Trials of Vitamin D in Autoimmune Diabetes
Vitamin D and T2D. Rationale for Investigation
Results from Randomized Clinical Trials of Vitamin D in T2D
Conclusions
References
Vitamin D, Sarcopenia and Aging
Abstract
Introduction
Vitamin D in Aging
Sarcopenia, Falls, and Fractures
Cardiovascular Risk in the Elderly
Cognitive Impairment
Depression
Mortality
Discussion and Conclusion
References
Vitamin D Homeostasis and Diseases in Pediatrics
Abstract
Introduction
Mother and Fetus: Vitamin D before Birth
1,25[OH]2D Function in the Fetus
Importance of Vitamin D and Consequences of Hypovitaminosis D during Pregnancy
Vitamin D in the Newborn and the Infant
Vitamin D in Childhood, Puberty, and Adolescence
Vitamin D Insufficiency/Deficiency
Resurgence of Rickets
Vitamin D and Chronic Pediatric Diseases
Vitamin D Supplementation and Therapeutic Use
References
Author Index
Subject Index
