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Sarcopenia is a reduction in muscle mass. The concept itself is old and, in 1989, Rosenberg [4] defined the condition as the reduction of muscle mass due to advanced age. Since then, it has been broadened to include reduction in muscle mass due to other reasons. One study of 330 incident dialysis patients indicated that a reduction in both muscle mass and strength was associated with worse all-cause 5-year survival (hazard ratio [HR] 1.93; 95%CI 1.01–3.73) [5]. Interestingly, only the reduction in muscle mass was not associated with worse outcome (HR 1.23; 95% CI 0.56–2.67) [5]. This suggests the concept of dynapenia [3] (the age-associated reduction in muscle strength), which may be related to neurologic or muscular function.