Читать книгу Diabetic Retinopathy and Cardiovascular Disease - Группа авторов - Страница 11

The burden of non-communicable diseases has been recognised by world leaders as a major public health challenge that undermines social and economic development [1]. Six of the top ten causes of death globally are now non-communicable diseases (Fig. 1). Cardiovascular diseases, including ischaemic heart disease and stroke, are the leading causes of death, even in low- and middle-income countries [2]. In 2015, the United Nations adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which included a target to reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment [3]. Thorough understanding of determinants and predictors of cardiovascular disease, particularly in high-risk individuals, is of great importance. The epidemic of diabetes mellitus is a significant contributor to the global burden of cardiovascular disease. Diabetes confers an approximate doubling of the risk of coronary disease, stroke and death due to vascular causes, and it is estimated that 10% of vascular deaths in developed countries are attributable to diabetes [4].

Fig. 1. Top 10 global causes of death, 2016. Blue = Non-communicable diseases; Green = Communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional conditions; Yellow = Injuries. Adapted from [2].

This chapter provides an overview of the relationship between diabetes and cardiovascular risk and explores methods of determining cardiovascular risk in individuals, including risk scores and biomarkers.