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There is still much to learn about the determinants and potential actions to prevent and control childhood overweight. As with stunting and anemia, the etiology of excess weight in childhood is complex and includes interactions among genetic makeup, intrauterine factors, the home and built environment, and behavioral factors [39, 40]. The interrelationship among these factors and how they may influence child weight is nicely illustrated for First Nations communities in Canada [41]. In this context, historical factors and persistent inequities dramatically influence many social and environmental determinants of overweight. An ecological model that frames biological and interpersonal determinants in this context, as illustrated in Figure 5, is helpful for identifying opportunities for action as well as potential barriers to their effectiveness. To date, few low- and middle-income countries have such in-depth analyses of the determinants of overweight in children needed to inform comprehensive approaches to addressing it.