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Clinical Guide to Fish Medicine
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Страница 1
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Страница 7
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Страница 9
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Section A Fish Medicine Topic Reviews Introduction
A1 Anatomy and Taxonomy
Introduction
Anatomy of Bony Fish Body Plan
Integument
Box A1.1
Basic Taxonomy of Extant Fish
Musculoskeletal System Skeleton
Muscle
Buoyancy Organs
Adipose Tissue
Ocular Anatomy
Auditory Anatomy
Olfactory and Gustatory Anatomy
Oral/Pharyngeal Cavity
Gastrointestinal System
Liver and Gallbladder
Respiratory System
Cardiovascular System
Lymphomyeloid System
Endocrine System
Urogenital System Urinary System
Reproductive System
Neurologic System
Electric Organs
Anatomy of Cartilaginous Fish
Body Plan
Integument
Musculoskeletal System
Buoyancy
Ocular Anatomy
Auditory Anatomy
Olfactory and Gustatory Anatomy
Oral/Pharyngeal Cavity
Gastrointestinal System
Liver and Gallbladder
Respiratory System
Cardiovascular System
Hematopoetic and Immunologic System
Endocrine System
Urogenital System Urinary System
Reproductive System
Neurologic System
Electric Organs
Taxonomy
Taxonomy of Bony Fish (Osteichthyes)
Acipenseriformes
(Sturgeons, Paddlefish)
Amiiformes
(Bowfin)
Anguilliformes
(Eels)
Beryciformes
(Soldierfish, Squirrelfish, Pinecone Fish, Flashlight Fish)
Characiformes
(Piranha, Tetras, Hatchetfish)
Clupeiformes
(Herrings, Anchovies)
Cypriniformes
(Carp, Goldfish, Koi, Minnows, Zebrafish, Algae‐Eaters, Loaches)
Elopiformes
(Tarpon, Ladyfish)
Gobiiformes
(Gobies, Mudskippers)
Lepisosteiformes
(Gars)
Lophiiformes
(Frogfish, Anglerfish)
Osteoglossiformes
(Arowana, Arapaima, Freshwater Butterflyfish, Elephantfish, Knifefish)
Perciformes
(Perch‐Like Fish)
Pleuronectiformes
(Flounder, Sole, Halibut)
Salmoniformes
(Salmon, Trout, Char)
Siluriformes
(Catfish)
Syngnathiformes
(Seahorses, Sea Dragons, Pipefish, Trumpetfish, Shrimpfish)
Tetraodontiformes
(Pufferfish, Triggerfish, Filefish, Ocean Sunfish)
Sarcopterygii
(Coelacanths, Lungfish)
Taxonomy of Cartilaginous Fish (Chondrichthyes)
Chimaeriformes
(Chimaeras, Ratfish, Ghost Sharks)
Carcharhiniformes
(Ground Sharks)
Lamniformes
(Mackerel Sharks, White Sharks, Sand Tigers)
Squaliformes
(Dogfish, Gulper Sharks)
Orectolobiformes
(Carpet Sharks, Wobbegongs, Bamboo Sharks, Nurse Sharks)
Rajiformes
(Skates)
Myliobatiformes
(Cownose Rays, Stingrays, Manta Rays)
Torpediniformes
(Electric Rays)
Pristiformes
(Guitarfish and Sawfish)
Acknowledgments
References
A2 Water Quality
Introduction
Water Source
Dissolved Oxygen
Total Gas Pressures
Temperature
Salinity and Salt Composition
Nitrogenous Wastes (Ammonia, Nitrite, Nitrate)
pH
Alkalinity and Hardness
Carbon Dioxide
Chlorines and Chloramines
Iodide and Iodate
Heavy Metals
Turbidity/Suspended Solids
Microbiome and Bacterial Testing
Water Quality Testing Options
Conclusion
References
A3 Life Support Systems
Introduction
Bacteria and Other Microorganisms
System Type
Oxygenation and Gas Exchange
Water Flow
Mechanical and Physicochemical Filtration
Surface Skimming
Prefilters
Sand/Canister/Bead Filters
Settling/Sedimentation Tanks
Foam Fractionators
Activated Carbon
Flocculation
Mechanical and Physicochemical Filtration Troubleshooting
Biological Filtration: Nitrification and Mineralization
Biological Filtration Troubleshooting
Denitrification
Ecological Scrubbers
Water Disinfection
Ultraviolet Light Disinfection
Ozone Disinfection
Temperature Control
Noise and Vibration
Lighting
Other Life Support Equipment
Pond Life Support
Coral Reef Life Support
Conclusion
References
A4 Nutrition and Nutritional Support
Introduction
Natural History
Wild Diet and Foraging Ecology
Metabolism and Energetics
Anatomy and Digestion
Nutrient Requirements
Sources of Energy
Protein
Lipid
Carbohydrates
Vitamins
Minerals
Other Additives
Nutrient Choice
Feeding Diet Selection and Formulation
Food Types
Pellet and Flake Foods
Gel Diets
Harvested Fish and Invertebrates (Seafood)
Plants and Algae
Live Foods
Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation
Feeding Behavior, Amount, and Frequency
Body Condition
Food Storage and Preparation
Food Safety and Monitoring
Storage
Food Preparation
Seafood
Produce
Pelleted and Flake Feeds
Gel Foods
Quality Control
Nutritional Support
Appetite Stimulants
Assisted Feeding
Tube Feeding (Gavage)
Force Feeding
Larval and Broodstock Nutrition
New Directions in Fish Nutrition Research
References
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