Читать книгу Clinical Guide to Fish Medicine - Группа авторов - Страница 66

This group shows a specific feeding mechanism where the first dorsal spinous process is modified into a line/rod and lure/bait (illicium and esca) to capture prey. The illicium and esca can be regenerated if damaged. Their bodies are stocky with large upward‐pointed mouths to accommodate surprisingly big prey. They lack an operculum and instead have an opening behind the pectoral fins which facilitates propulsion. The swim bladder is physoclistous in some and missing in other species (Pietsch 1984; Nelson et al. 2016). Under managed care, they can be particularly hard to convert onto frozen‐thawed foods and many individuals will only feed on live foods.