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When studying the experience of the work of nurses, or any employee who works directly with patients, it is important to consider the ease or difficulty of operations for enacting care. The study of operations includes theories to help guide the development of research, methods to measure success, and interpretation and application of findings to achieve operational improvements. Sociotechnical systems (STS) theory proposes that both social and technical aspects of operations contribute to the experience of work (Trist & Bamforth, 1951; Trist & Emory, 2005). It has been established that while good equipment and resources are essential to carry out the technical aspects of the work, relationships contribute at least as much as the technical aspects of work to a productive and enjoyable work experience (Trist & Bamforth, 1951; Trist & Emory, 2005).

Misaligned, stressed, or missing relationships can impede productivity just as surely as poor equipment or resources can, which is consistent with concepts of pause and flow proposed in constructal theory (Bejan, 2019; Bejan & Zane, 2012). Bejan and Zane (2012) quote Michelangelo as saying, “Design is the root of all sciences” (p. 827). This ancient principle applies to the science of care delivery, both in how care is delivered by teams and how it is supported within systems. Constructal theory provides a theoretical framework with which to study the design of care, including the flow of work that results in enjoyment and productivity.