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Home care is an essential component of effective periodontal therapy. Bacterial plaque forms on tooth surfaces within 24 hours of cleaning (Boyce et al. 1995; Wiggs and Lobprise 1997) and will begin to calcify into calculus within one day (Tibbitts and Kashiwa 1998) (Figure 5.2). Without regular home care, therefore, gingival infection and inflammation quickly recurs (within two weeks) (Payne et al. 1975; Corba et al. 1986a,b; Fiorellini et al. 2006; Rober 2007; Debowes 2010). A human study found that professional cleanings were of little value without home care (Needleman et al. 2005).

In cases of established periodontal disease, home care is even more important. A human study found that periodontal pockets become reinfected within two weeks of a prophylaxis and that pocket depth returns to pretreatment depths within six weeks of therapy if home care is not performed (Rober 2007).