Читать книгу Practical Procedures in Implant Dentistry - Группа авторов - Страница 37

The following sets of photographs are a minimum standard:

 Full face (frontal): This image is shot at the same level as the patient and should cover their whole head. This vertical angle is important for majority of the images taken in dental photography. The interpupillary line and long axis of teeth is used to align the camera (Figure 3.4).

 Full smile – frontal, right, and left lateral view: This view shows the lips as well as the teeth visible for this angle. The upper lateral incisor is centred on the slide. The contralateral central incisor should be visible and possibly the lateral incisor and canine (Figures 3.5–3.7).

  Retracted anterior view: This is an intra‐oral photograph using retractors held by the patient, with the teeth together or slightly apart (Figures 3.8 and 3.9).

 Upper and lower right and left lateral retracted view: The image is centred on the lateral incisor so that it is in the centre of the picture. The retractor is pulled to side that the picture is being taken of, while the contralateral retractor is loosely held which allows the photograph to extend further posteriorly to capture the posterior teeth (Figures 3.10 and 3.11).

 Upper and lower occlusal retracted view (use mirror): This is a reflected view from a high‐quality mirror, with as many teeth as possible included. Keep the mirror clear of fogging by warming it or using an air–water syringe. The mouth should be opened as wide as possible to allow the best mirror position. In the lower jaw is exactly the same as with the upper teeth but the patient needs to be asked to keep their tongue back so that is does not obscure the teeth (Figures 3.12 and 3.13).

Figure 3.4 Full face frontal. This image is shot at the same height as the patient, including their whole head, and can be taken with lips at rest and also in broad smile.

Figure 3.5 Right lateral smile.

Figure 3.6 Frontal smile.

Figure 3.7 Left lateral smile.

Figure 3.8 Retracted frontal shot with teeth apart.

Figure 3.9 Retracted frontal shot with teeth in maximum intercuspation.

Figure 3.10 Retracted left photograph displaying left side of teeth. The left lateral incisor should be in the centre of the photograph.

Figure 3.11 Retracted right photograph displaying right side of teeth. The right lateral incisor should be in the centre of the photograph.

Figure 3.12 Occlusal photograph of mandibular teeth using a photographic mirror.

Figure 3.13 Occlusal photograph of maxillary teeth using a photographic mirror.