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This is one of the most important sectors as it caters to resolve the hunger of the country’s entire population. This industry is the source of livelihood to about 58% of India’s population. Most of the agricultural plots happen to be in the rural areas where development is far behind that in the bigger towns and cities. In India, particularly, agriculture is very widely practiced and it serves as the source of income to a considerably large section of India’s working population, both men and women. Especially the residents of suburbs, villages and small towns have taken to agriculture as their means of employment and livelihood. Industrial agriculture is the practice of monoculture of a particular crop to be sold commercially, i.e., not only for the purpose of one’s own usage. Cultivation of any crop requires resources such as land, soil, water, and fertilizers along with knowledge, dedicated, constant attention, and care. It is one sphere that requires physically intensive efforts especially if there is an absence of machinery. In earlier times, when technology was not what we know it as today, agriculture was practiced with the help of animals to facilitate various tasks. In present times, with the ever increasing size of the population the demand for food crops is also going up, the scope of agricultural produce is local, national as well as international as there is a massive trade prevalent between various countries over the exchange of these commodities, which, in turn, adds to the economy of the country. The crop needs constant care and treatment from the time the seeds are sown up until its harvest. The produce from this industry serves as raw material for certain other industries therefore the need to ensure good product quality is further heightened as it will directly impact the other sectors as well. Incorporation of advanced technologies has benefitted this sector extensively, which we shall look into later in the course of this chapter.