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Other Inscriptions from the Levantine Seashore

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With the exception of Amrit and Tartous inscriptions, the Phoenician inscriptions are rare and very short in northern Phoenicia, at Al Mina, Ras el‐Bassit, Ras Shamra, Tell Kazel (ancient Simyra), and the Nahr el‐Barid. About 20 short inscriptions were discovered in Beirut, mainly ostraca, graffiti, and weights (Sader 1998: pp. 203–213). Several inscriptions come from the excavations of Sarafand (ancient Sarepta): a letter, an abecedary, seals, and votive inscriptions, one of them inscribed on an ivory tablet dedicated to Tanit‐Ashtart. Not far from Sarepta, at Kharayeb, another votive inscription on a statue was found.

In southern Phoenicia, many inscriptions were discovered during an extensive archaeological exploration. However, almost all of them are short and not very significant (Delavault and Lemaire 1979: pp. 1–37; Lemaire 2000: pp. 97–113). Some very short inscriptions on ceramics were found in Tell Keisan and a fiscal seal is related with this area. Some ostraca come from Akko, one of them mentioning the order given by the political power to the metal workers to make 302 cultic vessels for the temple. Several short inscriptions on jars, ostraca, graffiti, personal, and fiscal seals were discovered in Tell Abu Hawam, Haifa, Shiqmona, and Atlit. Ostraca from Dor mention the name of an official from Sidon and a list of agricultural tools. Coming from the area of Elyakhin in the Sharon plain, metallic bowls bear several votive inscriptions. Some short inscriptions were found in Apollonia‐Arsuf, Tel Michal, Jaffa, Ashkelon, and Gaza: inscriptions on jars, ostraca, graffiti, and weights.

A Companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire, 2 Volume Set

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