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Notes on Contributors

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Javier Álvarez‐Mon is Professor in Near Eastern Art and Archaeology at Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. His primary research interests are the art, archeology, and culture of the ancient Iranian civilizations of Elam and early Persia, and the study and preservation of the cultural heritage of ancient Iran.

Reinhold Bichler is Professor Emeritus of Ancient History at the University of Innsbruck, Austria. His main research subjects are the history of political ideas, especially ancient utopias, Greek historiography and ethnography, especially Herodotus and Ctesias, and the reception of ancient history, in particular Alexander and the concept of Hellenism.

Carsten Binder teaches Ancient History at the University of Duisburg‐Essen. Besides the history of the Achaemenid Empire his scholarly work focuses on ancient historiography, biography, and ethnography.

Dilyana Boteva‐Boyanova is Professor at the St Climent Ohridski University of Sofia. The focus of her research is the history and culture of ancient Thrace both during the 1st millennium BCE and within the Roman Empire (1st ‐4th century CE). She has authored three books and edited seven miscellanea.

Rémy Boucharlat is a Senior Researcher Emeritus at the CNRS, at the University of Lyon, France. He took part in excavations at Susa and Tureng Tepe (Iran). Later he directed excavations in the UAE. Between 1999 and 2009 he conducted archeological reconnaissances at Pasargadae and Persepolis, and took part in excavations in southern Central Asia. Most of his books and articles concern the archeology of the first millennium BCE, the Achaemenid and Sasanian empires in Iran, and the Persian Gulf.

Anna Cannavò is researcher at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Maison de l’Orient, Lyon (France). She is director of the French archeological mission at Amathus. She specializes in the history and epigraphy of the Cypriot kingdoms.

Touraj Daryaee is the Maseeh Chair in Persian Studies and the Director of the Dr. Samuel M. Jordan Center for Persian Studies & Culture at the University of California, Irvine. He works on the history and culture of the ancient Iranian world.

Julian Degen holds a post‐Doc position at the University of Trier. He received his PhD from Innsbruck in 2020. His main research interests are Greek historiography, Alexander the Great, intercultural contacts between East and West, and Ancient Near Eastern history of the first millennium BCE.

Elspeth Dusinberre is Professor in Classics at the University of Colorado and author of Aspects of Empire in Achaemenid Sardis (2003), Gordion Seals and Sealings (2005), and Empire, Authority, and Autonomy in Achaemenid Anatolia (2013). She studies the seal impressions on the Persepolis Fortification Archive Aramaic tablets and Gordion’s cremation burials.

Josette Elayi is Honorary Researcher at the French National Council of Scientific Research. She is the author of 25 books specializing in Phoenician studies, three books specializing in Assyrian studies, two essays related to the future of ancient history, and six novels. She created and edits the journal Transeuphratène and the collection of Supplements to Transeuphratène.

Mark B. Garrison holds the Alice Pratt Brown Distinguished Professorship in Art History in the Department of Art and Art History at Trinity University in San Antonio, Texas. His primary research interests are the glyptic arts of ancient Iran and Iraq in the first half of the first millennium BCE.

Jean‐Jacques Glassner is Director of Research Emeritus, a former member of CNRS, and taught at Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales. His publications include The Invention of Cuneiform (2003) and Mesopotamian Chronicles (WAW 19, Society of Biblical Literature, 2004).

David Graf has taught at the University of Miami since 1986 as a specialist in the history and archeology of the Greco‐Roman Near East, with a specialty in Arabia. He has participated in the Achaemenid History Workshops, and published essays on Greek–Persian relations and Persian administration.

Birgit Gufler is a PhD Student at the University of Innsbruck. Her main research interests are Greek historiography and ethnography as well as the contacts between Greece and the Ancient Near East.

Holger Gzella, born in 1974 in Germany, is Full Professor of Old Testament at Munich University. His main interests are the historical‐comparative grammar of the Semitic languages and the cultural history of Syria–Palestine in Antiquity. He is a member of, among others, the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Ivo Hajnal is Professor for Linguistics at the University of Innsbruck. His research focuses on comparative and historical linguistics, Mycenaean Greek, and the languages of Asia Minor in the second to first millennium BCE.

Arnulf Hausleiter is a Researcher in the Orient Department of the German Archaeological Institute (DAI, Germany) and has been teaching at Freie Universität Berlin since 1997. He has been excavating at the oasis of Taymā’ since 2004 and published on the archeology of northwest Arabia and northern Mesopotamia in the Bronze and Iron Ages

Sandra Heinsch is Associate Professor of Near Eastern Archaeology at the University of Innsbruck. She specializes in the archeology of the first millennium BCE in Mesopotamia and South Caucasus. She is currently conducting excavations in South Caucasus and Iran. Among her recent works is the presentation of the Austrian excavations in Borsippa, Iraq.

André Heller is Lecturer in Ancient History at the Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität Würzburg. His main research interests are the Ancient Near East in the first millennium BCE, the Hellenistic states, Roman policy in the East, and the northwestern provinces of the Roman Empire.

Wouter F.M. Henkelman is Associate Professor of Elamite and Achaemenid Studies at the École Pratique des Hautes Études (Paris). Among other interests, he specializes in Achaemenid Elamite sources from the Persian Empire and is involved in editing the Elamite Fortification texts from Persepolis as well as the Elamite version of the Bisotun inscriptions of Darius I.

Matthias Hoernes is postdoc assistant in Greek archaeology at the University of Vienna, Austria. He is interested in the history of Iran, the funerary archeology of pre‐Roman Italy, and transcultural encounters and dynamics in the Iron Age ‐Archaic Mediterranean, especially in Sicily and southern Italy.

Bruno Jacobs is Professor for Ancient Near Eastern Studies at the University of Basel. His main interests are the archeology and history of the first millennium BCE, especially the Achaemenid Empire, interrelations of the Ancient Near East with the Mediterranean, the Parthian Empire, and Commagene.

Michael Jursa is Professor of Assyriology at the University of Vienna. Recent publications include Aspects of the Economic History of Babylonia in the First Millennium BC (2010) and, with Eckart Frahm, Neo‐Babylonian Letters and Contracts from the Eanna Archive (2011).

Oskar Kaelin is Near Eastern Archaeologist at the University of Basel, Switzerland. He is a researcher in a project editing historical sources on the Phoenicians, associate editor in the project “Iconography of Deities and Demons in the Ancient Near East” (Zurich/Fribourg), and co‐director of the excavation in Tall al‐Hamidiya, Syria.

Deniz Kaptan, Adjunct Professor at the Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada Reno, is the author of The Daskyleion Bullae: Seal Images from the Western Achaemenid Empire (2002). She is preparing a publication about seals and seal use in Anatolia during the Achaemenid Empire period.

Florian S. Knauss received his PhD in Classical Archaeology at the Universität des Saarlandes in 1993. In 1994–2001 he was Assistant Professor in Münster, and from 2001 to 2011 Curator at the Staatliche Antikensammlungen und Glyptothek München. Since 2011 he has been Director of these museums. He has been concerned with Achaemenid remains in the Caucasus region since 1994, for example excavations in Georgia (1994–2000) and Azerbaijan (2006–2019).

Reinhard G. Kratz, born in 1957, has been Professor for Hebrew Bible at Georg‐August‐University since 1995 and a member of the Academy of Sciences and Humanities Göttingen since 1999. His main fields of research are the history of the biblical literature, Ancient Near Eastern and biblical prophecy, and Judaism in Persian and Hellenistic‐Roman times (including the Dead Sea Scrolls).

Amélie Kuhrt is Professor Emeritus of Ancient Near Eastern History at University College London and a Fellow of the British Academy. She is author of The Ancient Near East (2 vols., 1995) and The Persian Empire – A Corpus of Sources from the Achaemenid Empire (2 vols., 2007). Her research areas are Mesopotamia in the first millennium BCE and the Achaemenid and Seleucid empires. She co‐organized and co‐edited with Heleen Sancisci‐Weerdenburg five of the Achaemenid History Workshops.

Walter Kuntner is Senior Researcher at the University of Innsbruck. He has conducted numerous excavations in the Near East and specializes in the archeology of the first millennium BCE. He is currently conducting excavations in Aramus, Armenia, Khovle Gora, Georgia, and Chors, Iran.

Angelika Lohwasser is Full Professor for Egyptology at the University of Münster, Germany. She is an expert in the archeology and history of Nubia. Other research interests are material culture, iconography in ancient Nubia and Egypt, funerary archeology, and conceptions of the body.

Andreas Mehl, born in 1945, was between 1985 and 2011 a Professor for Ancient History at the universities of Koblenz‐Landau, Darmstadt, Erlangen‐Nürnberg, and Halle‐Wittenberg. His fields of research are Cyprus in antiquity, Hellenism (Seleucid Empire), ancient (Roman) historiography, and history of culture.

Mischa Meier is Professor of Ancient History at the University of Tübingen. His main focus is Greek history in the archaic and classical eras, as well as Roman history in the early and late Imperial period and in late antiquity.

Wolfgang Messerschmidt is Free Scholar at Cologne University, Germany. His special research areas are the archeology and history of the Ancient Middle East in Hellenistic times, Babylon from the Neo‐Babylonian to the Hellenistic period, and Achaemenid Iran.

Ali Mousavi studied in Lyon, France, and obtained his PhD in Near Eastern Archeology from the University of California, Berkeley. He is the author of Persepolis. Discovery and Afterlife of a World Wonder (2012). He teaches Iranian archeology at the University of California, Los Angeles.

Krzysztof Nawotka, educated at Wroclaw, Oxford, and Columbus, OH (PhD in Classics 1991), is Ancient History Professor at the University of Wroclaw, Poland. His principal books are The Western Pontic Cities: History and Political Organization (1997), Boule and Demos in Miletus and its Pontic Colonies (1999), Alexander the Great (2010), The Alexander Romance by Ps.‐Callisthenes: A Historical Commentry (2017), and Epigraphic Culture in the Eastern Mediterranean in Antiquity (2020).

Astrid Nunn is a Near Eastern Archaeologist, former adjunct Professor at the University of Würzburg (Germany). Her main fields of interest are the Achaemenids in the Levant, polychromy, and iconography.

Daniel T. Potts is Professor of Ancient Near Eastern Archaeology and History at the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World, New York University. He received his PhD from Harvard and has worked extensively in Iran, both at Tepe Yahya and in the Mamasani region.

Joachim Friedrich Quack studied Egyptology, Semitic Languages, Biblical Archaeology, Assyriology, and Prehistory at the universities of Tübingen and Paris. He is Director of the Institute of Egyptology at Heidelberg University. He is a full member of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and a foreign member of the Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters. He was awarded the Leibniz Prize in 2011.

Claude Rapin is an Archeologist and Researcher at the CNRS (UMR‐8546), École normale supérieure, Paris, “Archéologies d’Orient et d’Occident et textes anciens (AOROC)” and Privatdozent at the University of Lausanne. He has undertaken excavations in Afghanistan (Ai Khanum) and Uzbekistan (Samarkand‐Afrasiab, Koktepe, Iron Gates near Derbent, Kindikli‐tepe, Yangi‐rabat, Sangir‐tepe). He has published on the archeology, history, and historical geography of Central Asia.

Robert Rollinger is Full Professor at the Department of Ancient History and Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Leopold‐Franzens Universität Innsbruck since 2005. From 2011 to 2015 he was Finland Distinguished Professor at the Department of World Cultures, University of Helsinki, from 2021–2025 he holds a NAWA chair as Visiting Professor at the University of Wrocław, Poland (Programme “From the Achaemenids to the Romans: Contextualizing empire and its longue‐durée developments”). His main research interests are Greek historiography, history of the first millennium BCE, and comparative empire studies.

Adriano V. Rossi is Professor Emeritus of Iranian philology at L’Orientale University, Naples, where he was Rector from 1992 to 1998. He is a member of many academies and scientific societies, including Accademia dei Lincei, Rome. His main subjects (with more than 200 publications) are Iranian linguistics/philology and dialectology. Since 2002 he has been Director of the international project DARIOSH (Digital edition of the Achaemenid royal inscriptions) and since 2016 President of ISMEO‐Rome.

Kai Ruffing is Professor for Ancient History at the University of Kassel, Germany. His main interests in research include the social and economic history of the ancient world, classical historiography, and transcultural contacts between Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cultures in antiquity.

Mirjo Salvini has been Director of the Institute for Aegean and Near Eastern Studies, Rome. His special research focus is on philology and history of the Ancient Near East in very broad terms. He has done extensive field work in Armenia, Turkey, Syria, and Iran. He has edited and published cuneiform texts from Boghazköy (Hittite), Syria (Akkadian and Hurrian), Iran (Linear Elamite), and Armenia, Turkey (Urartian). His opus magnum is the publication of the “Corpus dei testi urartei” (five volumes, 2008–2018).

Rüdiger Schmitt, Emeritus Professor of Comparative Philology and Indo‐Iranian Studies at Saarland University in Saarbrücken, is a specialist in ancient Iranian languages and onomastics, but has worked also on the Greek and Armenian languages. He is co‐editor of the Iranisches Personennamenbuch of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.

Gundula Schwinghammer holds a PhD in Ancient History at the University of Innsbruck. Her research deals chiefly with the Achaemenid Persian empire and regime changes in the Ancient Near East.

Sören Stark is Assistant Professor for Central Asian Archaeology at the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World at New York University. His research focuses on Central Asian archeology and history from the Early Iron Age to the Islamic Middle Ages, in combination with archeological fieldwork in Bukhara/Uzbekistan.

Matthew W. Stolper is the John A. Wilson Professor Emeritus of Oriental Studies and Director of the Persepolis Fortification Archive Project at the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.

David Stronach was Professor Emeritus of Near Eastern Archaeology at the University of California, Berkeley. He has directed excavations at Pasargadae, Tepe Nush‐i Jan, Nineveh, and Erebuni. He had a particular interest in the archeology and history of the early Achaemenids, the Medes, the Neo‐Assyrians, and the Urartians.

Jan Tavernier (PhD 2002, KU Leuven) is professor in Ancient Near Eastern Studies at the Université Catholique de Louvain (Belgium). His research axes are Elamite history and linguistics, Achaemenid history, Ancient Near Eastern onomastics, and Ancient Near Eastern linguistic history of the first millennium BCE.

Gocha Tsetskhladze taught at London and Melbourne, specializing in ancient Greek colonization and the archeology of the Mediterranean, Black Sea, Caucasus, and Anatolia in the first millennium BCE. For 30 years he has excavated Greek colonial sites around the Black Sea and at Pessinus in central Anatolia. He has published extensively. He is affiliated to Linacre College, Oxford.

Günter Vittmann studied Egyptology and ancient Semitic languages. He earned his PhD 1977 in Vienna (Priester und Beamte im Theben der Spätzeit, published 1978) and his Habilitation in 1994 at Würzburg (Der demotische Papyrus Rylands 9, published 1998). He was appointed Associate Professor at Würzburg in 2001. His special fields of research are Egyptian philology, Demotic and Hieratic, and relations between Egypt and her neighbors.

Melanie Wasmuth is a Docent in Egyptology and Ancient Near Eastern Studies at the University of Helsinki and affiliated to the Egyptology Section of the University of Basel. She specializes in the impact of cross‐regional migration, cultural encounters and political expansion on material culture and identity constructions in the first millennium BCE.

Josef Wiesehöfer received his PhD in 1977 (Mu¨nster) and Habilitation in 1988 (Heidelberg). From 1989 to 2016 he was Full Professor of Ancient History at the Department of Classics at the Christian‐Albrechts Universität Kiel. His main research interests are the history of pre‐Islamic Persia and intercultural exchange between East and West in antiquity. He has published extensively on ancient Persia, with a special interest in Parthian and Sasanian history.

Michael Zahrnt was Professor of Ancient History at the University of Cologne. His research has focused on Greek History from the Archaic Age to the expansion of Rome, with special emphasis on Macedonia and Alexander the Great; and on the emperor Hadrian.

A Companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire, 2 Volume Set

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