Читать книгу Sustainable Practices in the Textile Industry - Группа авторов - Страница 25

In the past, castor and til (sesame) oils were used as mordants but they were later replaced by Turkey Red Oil (TRO). Sulfated castor oil is largely used in textile industries.

Many metal salts such as chrome, copper, tin and lead are seldom used now due to research evidence of their extreme toxicity either to human health, ecological health or both. Only a small amount of these metal salts get fixed on the fabric and the rest is discharged as effluent which leads to the contamination of land and water resources. In order to make natural dye sustainable many scientific workers are developing natural mordants that can be replaced with metallic-salt-based mordants.