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1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 World’s primary energy consumption in 2017.Figure 1.2 The earth is heating up. Monthly divergence from average temperat...Figure 1.3 Instrumental temperature data 1880–2014.

2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Worldwide electricity generation (GWh) between 2010 and 2018 usin...Figure 2.2 Classification of common technologies and system set‐up for conce...Figure 2.3 Comparison of geothermal power capacity (MW) by different countri...Figure 2.4 Outline of an EGS power plant.Figure 2.5 Hydrogen production methods using renewable energy sources.Figure 2.6 Worldwide, LCOE from the alternative energy sources for the perio...Figure 2.7 Global investment in renewable energy.

3 Chapter 3Scheme 3.1 Different alternative sources of energy.Scheme 3.2 Schematic representation of photovoltaic cell.Scheme 3.3 Schematic representation of different types of photovoltaic cells...Figure 3.1 Schematic representation of dye‐sensitized solar cells. Source: M...Figure 3.2 Schematic representation of fuel cell and its working.

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Mindmap for various environmental issues.Figure 4.2 Carbon footprints.

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Change in the share of primary energy in 1965 and 2017.Figure 5.2 Projections and the ratio of energy consumption to GDP for some n...Figure 5.3 Energy consumption, industrial and developing region fuel mix....Figure 5.4 Comparison of supply mix in developing countries and the United S...

6 Chapter 6Chart 6.1 Regime for funding agencyFigure 6.A.1 CO2 Emissions in billion tonnes in Brazil, World Bank.Figure 6.A.2 CO2 Emissions (metric tons per capita): A comparison of BRICS....Figure 6.A.3 Research and development expenditure (% of GDP): A comparison o...Figure 6.A.4 Trends in CO2 emissions in Brazil and India.Figure 6.A.5 Expenditure on Research and Development as a percentage of GDP ...Figure 6.A.6 Renewable Energy Consumption as a percentage of total final ene...

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Overview of renewable energy resources.Figure 7.2 Major revolution in the wind energy output in relation to turbine...Figure 7.3 Development of wind energy and its potential impacts.Figure 7.4 Benefits of renewable energy production at global level (Abbrevia...

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Diagrammatic representation showing different types of renewable ...Figure 8.2 The graph shows the production of electricity using different typ...Figure 8.3 The graph shows the production of energy in 2018 by top 10 countr...Figure 8.4 A typical fuel cell.

9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 The renewable power potential in India source wise (as of March 2...

10 Chapter 10Figure 10.A.1 Number of patents in Brazil.Figure 10.A.2 Patents filed under various energy uses.Figure 10.A.3 Patents in various renewable energy sources in Brazil.

11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Molecular structure of luciferins found in the various biolumine...Figure 11.2 Two‐step enzyme‐dependent fungal bioluminescence mechanisms prop...Figure 11.3 Mechanism of bioluminescence imaging. Transfer of promoter and L...

12 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Strategies for the conversion of biomass to liquid biofuel.Figure 12.2 Route for the synthesis of jet (aviation) fuel from biomass.Figure 12.3 Conversion of lignin to hydrocarbon fuel.

13 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Global consumption of total final energy (EnerOutlook 2020).Figure 13.2 Different stages of treatment of LCBs (Aditiya et al. 2016).Figure 13.3 Classification of enzymes based on their mode of action in ligni...

14 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Dual‐chamber microbial fuel cell (Du et al. 2007).Figure 14.2 Electron transfer mechanism of fungi (direct and indirect) when ...Figure 14.3 Application of microbial fuel cells.

15 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Different steps of bioenergy generation from lignocellulosic bio...Figure 15.2 Sustainable utilization of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) for en...Figure 15.3 Breakdown of biomass into lignocellulosic components on pre‐trea...