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3.3 Clustering Methods

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In the last two decades, considerable efforts have been undertaken for the development of approaches for the controlled clustering of multiple magnetic nanoparticles. Several groups have also provided proofs of concepts for the applications of such magnetic clusters as sorting probes for cells/analytes separation, as vehicles for magnetically guided drug delivery, or as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging. In the following subsections, some relevant studies on the topic are discussed, focusing on preparation methods, on main properties enhancements, and significant achievements. The studies are grouped according to the clustering approach or the molecular coating class (Scheme 3.1).


Figure Scheme 3.1 Schematic illustration of magnetic nanoparticles clustering and covering some of the principal superstructures reported in the literature.

Magnetic Nanoparticles in Human Health and Medicine

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