Читать книгу Magma Redox Geochemistry - Группа авторов - Страница 37

The role that oxygen fugacity (fO₂) plays in producing the unique topography of Earth’s surface, defined by high‐standing continents and low‐lying ocean basins, was recognized in the 1950s, when workers such as Kennedy (1955), Eugster (1957,1959), and Osborn (1959) established the link between fO₂ and the course of igneous differentiation. Crystallization under high fO₂ leads to the calc‐alkaline magmatic series common on the continents, while crystallization under low fO₂ results in the tholeiitic magma series common in ocean basins. In order to connect these laboratory‐based insights to natural rocks, petrologists began to develop proxies for fO₂, and to apply them in earnest. Through seminal contributions such as Eugster (1959), Haggerty (1976), Christie et al. (1986), Carmichael (1991), Wood et al. (1990), Frost and Lindsley (1992), Ballhaus (1993), Canil (1997), and innumerable others, petrologists began to quantify and map the link between tectonic environment and oxygen fugacity.