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G. Germplasm Resources

At least 48 cultivars of oakleaf hydrangea have been named and introduced (Table 1.1, Figure 1.8), many of which were selected directly out of the wild or from chance seedlings. Several have unique characteristics that would be useful as breeding material.

Table 1.1 Cultivars of oakleaf hydrangea including cultivar name (trade name or synonym in parentheses), plant and flower size, notes, and origin.

Cultivar	Plant height (m)	Panicle length (cm)	Notes	Origin
Alice^{1 , 2}	4	30	One of tallest cultivars; sepals turn pink	Selected by Dirr on the University of Georgia, Athens campus
Alison^{1 , 2, 3}	3	25	–	Selected by Dirr on the University of Georgia, Athens campus
Amethyst¹	2	15	Sepals turn bright pink; nearly red	Selected by Dirr
Applause¹ ^, ²	–	–	–	Cultivated for a long time without a cultivar name
Back Porch¹	–	–	Early flowers; sepals turn pink	Introduced by Louisiana Nurseries
Burgundy²	2	–	Burgundy fall color; sepals turn pink	Bred by Rein and Mark Bulk, Netherlands, 1995
Camelot¹ ^, ²	–	–	Deep red fall color; sepals turn light pink	Bred by Mary Nell McDaniel, Urbana, IL; introduced by Louisiana Nurseries, prior to 1995
Cloud Nine¹ ^, ²	–	–	Double flowers; pointed sepals	Introduced by Louisiana Nurseries, prior to 1997
Dayspring (Day Spring)¹	–	–	–	Introduced by Flowerwood Nursery
Ellen Huff ¹	–	–	Heat tolerant	From Gulf Coast
Emerald Lake¹ ^, ²	2	–	Weak branches; possibly same as ‘Wade Mahlke’	Introduced by Louisiana Nurseries, prior to 1997
Brenhill (Gatsby Gal)	–	–	–	Bred in Cleveland, AL; introduced by Spring Meadow Nurseries
Brother Edward (Gatsby Moon)	–	–	Dense panicle, similar to Harmony	Bred in Cleveland, AL; introduced by Spring Meadow Nurseries
JoAnn (Gatsby Pink)	–	–	Sepals turn pink	Bred in Kingsville, MO; introduced by Spring Meadow Nurseries
Doughill (Gatsby Star)	–	–	Double flowers	Bred in Cleveland, AL; introduced by Spring Meadow Nurseries
Gloster (Gloster Form) ^{1, 2}	–	–	Five sepals per floret; grows well in the southern States	Introduced by Louisiana Nurseries, prior to 1997
Harmony¹ ^, ²	3	30.5	Dense panicles that weigh branches down; sepals turn light pink	Selected by Th. A. McDaniel in Harmony Baptist Church Cemetery, Attalla, AL; prior to 1985
Quercifolia (Horvaria)¹	–	–	Double flowers, similar to ‘Brido’	Hofstede Nursery
PIIHQ‐I (Jetstream)¹	–	–	Dark green foliage; sepals turn pink	Bred by Plant Introductions, Inc.
Joe McDaniel¹ ^, ²	–	–	Large sepals	Wild collection by J. C. McDaniel; raised by Louisiana Nurseries prior to 1997
John Wayne¹ ^, ²	2	–	–	Selected from FL; Introduced by Louisiana Nurseries prior to 1997
Late Hand¹ ^, ²	–	–	One month late blooming; leaves have deep sinuses	Introduced by Louisiana Nurseries, prior to 1997
Little Honey¹	1.5	12	Sepals do not turn pink	Yellow leaf sport of ‘Pee Wee’ selected by Peter Catt in the UK
Luverne Pink¹ ^, ²	–	–	Sepals turn pink	Introduced by Louisiana Nurseries prior to 1997
Lynn Lowrey¹	2	20	Possibly same clone as ‘Angola Prison’	Selected by Tom Dodd III in Louisiana
Marshall²	–	–	Relatively small flowers; sepals turn pink	—
Montmorenci Rose¹	–	–	Sepals turn pink quickly	Selected out of a South Carolina garden by Paul Crosby; introduced by Nurseries Caroliniana
Munchkin⁴	0.9	17	Compact growth habit; sepals turn light pink	USDA‐ARS Floral and Nursery Crops Laboratory
Patio Pink¹ ^, ²	–	–	Early flowers; large leaves; sepals turn pink	Introduced by Louisiana Nurseries prior to 1997
Pee Wee¹ ^, ²	1.5	12	Sepals do not turn pink	Introduced by Louisiana Nurseries
Picnic Hill¹ ^, ²	–	–	Short internodes; sepals turn light pink	Introduced by Louisiana Nurseries prior to 1997
Queen of Hearts⁵	1.9	30	7–10 days late blooming; sepals turn light pink	USDA‐ARS Floral and Nursery Crops Laboratory
Roanoke¹ ^, ²	3	–	Flopping branches	Introduced by Louisiana Nurseries, prior to 1993
Ruby Slippers³	1	25	Sepals turn deep pink, nearly red	USDA‐ARS Floral and Nursery Crops Laboratory
Semmes Beauty (Semmes Select)¹	–	–	Heat tolerant	–
Shannon¹	1.5	–	Double flower, less dense than ‘Brido’; more upright panicles	Theodore Klein, Crestwood, KY
Sike's Dwarf ¹ ^, ²	1.5	–	Flowers July–August; sepals turn light pink; larger than ‘Pee Wee’	Introduced by Louisiana Nurseries, prior to 1990
Snow Giant¹ ^, ²	3	–	Double flower; possibly same clone as ‘Brido’	Japanese origin
Flemygea (Snow Queen)¹ ^, ²	2.5	18	Upright panicles; flowers June–September	B. Flemer, Princeton Nurseries, prior to 1980
Snowdrift²	–	–	Flowers are similar to those of ‘Harmony’; thin branches	Bred in the United States before 2000
Brido (Snowflake)¹ ^, ²	3	30	Double flower, flowers slightly later	Edgar Aldridge, 1960
Summit¹	1.5	18	–	Theodore Klein, Crestwood, KY
Tennessee (Tennessee Clone)¹ ^, ²	2	25	Four or five wavy sepals; flowers July–August; wrinkled leaves; wider than high; sepals greenish in color	From seed collected in Tennessee by Jelena de Belder of Arboretum Kalmthout, Belgium, 1974
Turkey Hill¹	–	–	Similar to ‘Harmony’	Hayes Jackson, Anniston AL
Vaugh's Lillie¹	–	–	Dense rounded mophead	Vaughn Billingsley, Georgia
Wade Mahlke (Wade Malke)¹ ^, ²	–	25	Possibly same clone as ‘Emerald Lake’	Louisiana Nurseries prior to 1997

¹ Dirr (2004).

² van Gelderen and van Gelderen (2004).

³ data not available.

⁴ Reed (2010).

⁵ Reed and Alexander (2015).

Figure 1.8 Photographs of some commercial cultivars of Hydrangea quercifolia. Left: Gatsby Pink; center: Gatsby Moon; right: Gatsby Gal

(Source: Photo credits: Spring Meadow Nurseries, ©Proven Winners®, Color Choice®.)

The USDA‐ARS Floral and Nursery Crops Laboratory have been breeding H. quercifolia since 1996, with the primary goal of developing compact cultivars. Two of the cultivar introductions, ‘Munchkin’ and ‘Ruby Slippers’, are more compact than the species, reaching only about 1 m in height (Reed 2010). As the name implies, ‘Ruby Slippers’ has sepals that age to deep pink, nearly red, and ‘Munchkin’ has a tighter growth habit with lighter pink sepals. ‘Ruby Slippers’ is an F₂ selection from a cross between ‘Pee Wee’ and ‘Flemygea’ (trade name Snow Queen), while ‘Munchkin’ is an F2 selection from open pollinated ‘Sike’s Dwarf’. More recently, ‘Queen of Hearts’ was introduced, which is not as compact, growing to approximately 2 m tall (Reed and Alexander 2015). Blooming about 7 to 10 days later than most with slightly larger panicles than the previous introductions, ‘Queen of Hearts’ is a selection from the same F2 population as ‘Ruby Slippers’.

‘Pee Wee’ is a relatively compact cultivar reaching 1.5 m tall, but has fairly small panicles, up to 12 cm long and with sepals that do not age to pink, but to brown. A yellow leaved sport of ‘Pee Wee’ was identified and is available as ‘Little Honey’. ‘Sike’s Dwarf’ is another compact cultivar growing 1.5 m tall and wide, with flowers larger than those of ‘Pee Wee’, and sepals that age to pink.

There are at least four double flowered cultivars available commercially. ‘Brido’ (trade name Snowflake) has dense panicles to 30 cm in length, with double flowers that weigh down the branches and tend to make them droop. Discovered in the wild in Alabama in 1969, ‘Brido’ is a full‐size cultivar reaching 3 m tall at maturity. ‘Shannon’ is also double flowered, with up to 20 sepals per floret and less dense panicles that are held more upright than ‘Brido’ (Dirr 2004). ‘Shannon’ is also a relatively compact cultivar reaching around 1.5 m tall. Other possible sources of double flowers are ‘Cloud Nine’ and ‘Horvaria’, both of which are comparable to ‘Brido’ (van Gelderen and van Gelderen 2004).

A commonly grown full size cultivar, ‘Flemygea’, grows to 2 m tall, with larger sepals than the species on 18 cm long upright panicles that age to light pink. Three cultivars, ‘Roanoke’, ‘Harmony’, and ‘Vaughn’s Lillie’ have extremely dense mophead‐like, rounded inflorescences that cause the branches to sag under the weight; all three are full size cultivars. ‘Alice’ is one of the largest cultivars available, reaching 4.5 m tall and wide, with large 30 cm panicles and sepals that age to pink. ‘Late Hand’ has large deeply lobed leaves that have the appearance of a hand shape; as mentioned previously, this cultivar is also reported to bloom up to a month later than is typical for the species (Dirr 2004; van Gelderen and van Gelderen 2004).

Wild collected germplasm is currently available as seed from the USDA National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) in limited quantities. The accessions represent only a small portion of the species’ endemic range (Table 1.2). There are eight accessions available (five from Alabama and three from Mississippi) as of April 2020. This likely does not fully represent the existing genetic diversity for the species. Range‐wide systematic germplasm collections were recently conducted (Sherwood et al. 2019) and seed samples that are representative of the existing genetic diversity will be made available to breeders and researchers through the NPGS.

Table 1.2 Wild Hydrangea quercifolia accessions available (as of June 2020) through USDA‐GRIN, maintained in Beltsville, MD.

ID	Plant name	Date collected	State	Coordinates or Location
NA 74915	RJLGA2003‐049	1 November 2003	Alabama	N33.38361W86.84194
NA 74925	MCCAL2004‐009	7 November 2004	Alabama	N34.31472 W87.51222
NA 80223	MS‐2011‐033	21 September 2011	Mississippi	N33.29412 W90.13285
NA 80229	MS‐2011‐039	21 September 2011	Mississippi	N 33.91675 W 89.26345
NA 80232	MS‐2011‐042	22 September 2011	Mississippi	N34.22403 W89.36282
NA 78055	LRC #7	19 September 2008	Alabama	Little River Canyon National Preserve
NA 78023	AL #32	17 September 2008	Alabama	Kathy Stiles Freeland Preserve Habitat
NA 77995	AL #4	‐	Alabama	Bankhead National Forest

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