Читать книгу Microbial Interactions at Nanobiotechnology Interfaces - Группа авторов - Страница 33

Antibiotics modification is the common resistance mechanism of pathogenic bacteria against antibiotics of aminoglycosides class. So far, multiple types of aminoglycosides modifying enzymes (AMEs) have been identified in both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria (Ramirez and Tolmasky, 2010; Schwarz et al., 2004). The genetic code for these systems is embedded in the mobile genetic elements (MGEs) of pathogenic or resistant bacteria (Ramirez & Tolmasky, 2010). The chromosomal determinants of the aminoglycosides modifying enzymes have been found in the large number of bacteria present in the environment such as Acinetobacter and Providencia. These chromosomal determinants are the sources from where pathogenic strains acquired the genetic codes onto their mobile genetic elements (Schwarz et al., 2004). A well‐known AME is the N‐acetyl transferase, which acetylates the aminoglycosides. Apart from AMEs, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) and antibiotic hydrolyzing enzyme β‐lactamases belong to the same group of enzymes that acts on the antibiotics and modifies them (Martinez, 2018; Schwarz et al., 2004).