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Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) was introduced by Mirjalili, which is one of the mimicking of the management quality with leadership and hare coursing mechanism of grey wolves. Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omega are the four types of grey wolves, which are used for mimicking the management quality with leadership. The technique of Grey Wolf like penetrating, surrounding, and attacking the target is used for mimicking the hare coursing for the implementation of optimization technique.

Grey Wolf has a place in a biological family named Canidae, which live in a pack of wolf. They have a severe social predominant chain of importance like Delta, Omega, Beta, and Alpha. Alpha that is referred to pioneer is a male or female which places a major role in making decision. The sets of the predominant wolf ought to be trailed by the pack. The Beta is referred as minor wolves that have ability to help the alpha in making decision. The beta is a guide to alpha for making decision and discipliner for the pack of wolf. Omega is referred as the lower positioning of grey wolf which needs to present all other predominant wolves. In the event that a wolf is neither an alpha or beta nor omega, it is called delta. Delta is referred as wolves that lead omega and report to alpha and beta.

The hare coursing strategies and the social progression of wolves are numerically displayed so as to create GWO and perform technique of optimization. The algorithm of GWO is established with the typical test mechanism that shows it has predominant investigation and utilization qualities than other techniques like swarm intelligent. When a wolf is not said to be alpha, beta, or omega, then it is called as minor or delta in certain cases. The categories of GWO are scouts, hunters, elders, caretakers, and sentinels, which have a place with this class. Scout wolves are referred as answerable for inspecting the limits of the section and threatening the pack if there should arise an occurrence of any threat. Hunter wolves are referred to as which help the alphas and betas when chasing prey and giving nourishment to the pack. Elder wolves are referred to as the proficient wolves that used to be alpha or beta. The caretaker wolves are referred to as answerable for thinking about the frail, sick, and injured scoundrels. Sentinel wolves are referred to as secure and ensure the protection of the pack.

Group coursing is also the mimicking behavior in count to the social behavior of grey wolves. Notwithstanding the social pecking order of wolves, bunch chasing is another fascinating social conduct of dim wolves. The algorithm of GWO is a moderately innovative populace-based technique of optimization that has the benefit of minimum parameter control, ability of robust optimization, and simple execution.