Читать книгу Change Detection and Image Time-Series Analysis 1 - Группа авторов - Страница 3

1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1. The main technical components of an unsupervised CD processFigure 1.2. 2D polar change representation domain in the C²VA methodFigure 1.3. Block scheme of the proposed M²C²VA techniqueFigure 1.4. Block scheme of the proposed superpixel-level multiclass CD approachFigure 1.5. Illustration of the decision-level fusion-based binary CD step. For ...Figure 1.6. Color-infrared composite of bitemporal QuickBird pan-sharpened image...Figure 1.7. False color composite of QuickBird images of the Indonesia tsunami d...Figure 1.8. 2D compressed change representation in the polar domain (Xuzhou data...Figure 1.9. Determination of the optimal segmentation scale in the Xuzhou datase...Figure 1.10. Comparison of the multiclass CD maps obtained by: (a) IR-MAD; (b) S...Figure 1.11. 2D compressed change representation in the polar domain (Indonesia ...Figure 1.12. Determination of the optimal segmentation scale in the Indonesia ts...Figure 1.13. Comparison of the CD maps obtained by: (a) IR-MAD; (b) S²CVA; (c) p...

2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1. An idealized parameter value function showing a linear trend with se...Figure 2.2. Figure showing the connection between the p-value for an outcome of ...Figure 2.3. The power function for testing whether two G(6, βt)-distributions, t...Figure 2.4. Simulating 128 × 128 pixel values at two time points with independen...Figure 2.5. Simulating 128 × 128 pixel values according to the signal + noise mo...Figure 2.6. Each column represents a simulation study on the distribution of 128...Figure 2.7. Simulating 128 × 128 pixel values at two time points with independen...Figure 2.8. Flowchart for the change detection algorithm. In the left part, we a...Figure 2.9. RGB images of diagonal elements of L-band SAR data acquired in 1998 ...Figure 2.10. Left: the values of the likelihood ratio test statistic for the omn...Figure 2.11. The first image shows when the first detected change occurred. In t...Figure 2.12. Histograms for intermediate p-values for areas covered with forest ...Figure 2.13. (Top) Zoomed-in views of Radarsat-2 images showing two moving dredg...Figure 2.14. Port of Tripoli: First four change maps of a total of 68 covering t...Figure 2.15. Fraction of positive definite changes (vessel arrivals) at the main...Figure 2.16. Change fractions showing effects of the 2020 Covid-19 lockdown star...Figure 2.17. Buzi district, Mozambique: Six change maps of a total of 15 for 16 ...Figure 2.18. Change images for the region around Fishlake, South Yorkshire. Left...Figure 2.19. Change fractions over the 2018 growing season for agricultural fiel...

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1. General procedure for a change detection methodologyFigure 3.2. UAVSAR dataset used in this study for Scene 1. Four dates are availa...Figure 3.3. UAVSAR dataset used in this study for Scene 2. Two dates are availab...Figure 3.4. UAVSAR dataset used in this study for Scene 3Figure 3.5. Ground truth for Scenes 1, 2 and 3. For a color version of this figu...Figure 3.6. Illustration of the sliding windows (in gray) approach (p = 3, N = 9...Figure 3.7. ROC plots for a window size of 5 × 5 for the three scenes. Top: Scen...Figure 3.8. Output of (bottom) on Scene 3. The major difference between the tw...Figure 3.9. Low-rank properties of UAVSAR data with polarimetric and spectro-ang...Figure 3.10. Comparison between four methods: Gaussian, low-rank Gaussian, compo...Figure 3.11. Comparison for Scene 1 of the LRCG (low-rank compound Gaussian) for...

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1. Flowchart providing the steps involved in MDDM computation from wave...Figure 4.2. Block diagram representing the framework for the detection and analy...Figure 4.3. Illustration of a BDF-MDDM and its clean version (MDF-MDDM) when two...Figure 4.4. Second diagonal of the MDF-MDDM shown in Figure 4.3, highlighting th...Figure 4.5. MDF-MDDM computed at a large scale, approximately 200 square kilomet...Figure 4.6. Second diagonals of the MDF-MDDMs shown in Figure 4.5 when restricte...Figure 4.7. Framework for evolution clustering. Analysis 1 involves dissimilarit...Figure 4.8. Clusters of dynamics for the Chamonix-Mont Blanc site. Cyan square: ...

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1. Location of the study areas. For a color version of this figure, see...Figure 5.2. Altitude–time diagrams of VH SAR backscatters from the ascending orb...Figure 5.3. (a) Time series of Sentinel-1 VH observations from the ascending orb...Figure 5.4. (a) Wet snow cover extent derived from Sentinel-1 descending/ascendi...Figure 5.5. Correlation matrix of observation time series computed from formula ...Figure 5.6. (a) Metrics computed over test area 3 near Maljasset station using O...Figure 5.7. (a) Same as Figure 5.6(a) but for test area 2 using October 17, 2017...Figure 5.8. Same as Figure 5.7(a) but using pixels for which the logarithm of th...Figure 5.9. Selection of metrics computed over test area 2 for ranges of altitud...

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1. Cyclonic field model. The eyewall has a usual diameter of 30–60 km. ...Figure 6.2. Isaac hurricane images. Courtesy: @Nasa-Images, Geostationary Operat...Figure 6.3. Sample | textures reconstructed by forcing to zero SWT approximation...Figure 6.4. 2D DWPT PSD of for the sample images | given by Figure 6.2. The PSD ...Figure 6.5. Comparison of diagonal elements (isotropy concern) of 2D DWPT and SW...Figure 6.6. [Top]: an Isaac image and the corresponding eyewall; [Middle]: water...Figure 6.7. Color composition showing the initial and final states of Isaac cycl...Figure 6.8. Time series of fractal intensities computed from equation [6.11] o...Figure 6.9. ARFIMA (p, d, q)-based prediction on the fractal intensity time seri...

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1. Illustration of the first iteration to calculate the first IMF using...Figure 7.2. Texture representation and discrimination using the local maximum an...Figure 7.3. Detection of local maximum pixels (in red) and local minimum pixels ...Figure 7.4. Appearance of local max and min keypoints on a sample SAR signal. Fo...Figure 7.5. Appearance of keypoints (red) extracted from a SAR image: (a) using ...Figure 7.6. Proposed framework for keypoint graph-based unsupervised change dete...Figure 7.7. Experimental study on Dataset 1. (a) Image before volcano eruption. ...Figure 7.8. ROC plots for change detection on Dataset 1. For a color version of ...Figure 7.9. Experimental study for Dataset 2. (a) ROI from the image acquired on...Figure 7.10. Zoomed in results for the Red and Green crops of Dataset 2 (Figure ...Figure 7.11. Comparison of the dense and pointwise (keypoint-based) LRD methods ...Figure 7.12. ROC plots for the proposed method within the variation of its param...Figure 7.13. Support neighborhood considered for measuring the change level at e...Figure 7.14. Outline of the proposed graph-based texture tracking for glacier fl...Figure 7.15. Studied area, a reference optical image and two input TerraSAR-X im...Figure 7.16. Glacier displacement result yielded by the proposed algorithm. Vect...

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1. Flowchart of the large-scale monitoring algorithm for urban scenario...Figure 8.2. Building detection test area, Grosseto province, ≈4,500 km2. Sentine...Figure 8.3. True-color Sentinel-2 on the detail area highlighted in Figure 8.2: ...Figure 8.4. Close-ups of original (top) and multitemporally filtered (bottom) Se...Figure 8.5. Flowchart of the SAR processing blockFigure 8.6. Multitemporally filtered Sentinel-1 SAR images: December 12 (top); D...Figure 8.7. Detail of the high-texture mask (in white) of the Sentinel-1 SAR bac...Figure 8.8. Kullback–Leibler divergence of each SAR acquisition with respect to ...Figure 8.9. Time evolution of the construction changes. The color bar indicates ...Figure 8.10. Flowchart of the OPTICAL processing block. For a color version of t...Figure 8.11. December 30 Sentinel-2 change map with respect to the first date. T...Figure 8.12. Flowchart of the combination layer. For a color version of this fig...Figure 8.13. Combined Sentinel-1/2 change map with respect to the first date. Th...Figure 8.14. Sentinel-2 close-ups of the commercial building (top) and the mall ...

9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1. A fire occurred in Sardinia Island (Italy) between August 7 and 9, 2...Figure 9.2. High-level scheme for the design and implementation of a change dete...Figure 9.3. Geometrical interpretation of the posterior probability that x origi...Figure 9.4. Example of statistical dependency of the difference image with respe...Figure 9.5. Illustration of the datasets analyzed in the experiments. The pictur...Figure 9.6. Session 1: Histograms of the magnitude of the difference image and p...Figure 9.7. Session 1: Change detection maps corresponding to: GG model (a,d,g),...Figure 9.8. Session 2: Histograms of the magnitude of the difference image and p...Figure 9.9. Session 2: Change detection maps corresponding to: rR model (a,d,g,j...